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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Amino(oligo)thiophene-based environmentally sensitive biomembrane chromophores

(Graph Presented) There is a growing need for cellular imaging with fluorescent probes that emit at longer wavelengths to minimize the effects of absorption, autofluorescence, and scattering from biological tissue. In this paper a series of new environmentally sensitive hemicyanine dyes featuring amino(oligo)thiophene donors have been synthesized via aldol condensation between a 4-methylpyridinium salt and various amino(oligo)thiophene carboxaldehydes, which were, in turn, obtained from amination of bromo(oligo)thiophene carboxaldehyde. Side chains on these fluorophores impart a strong affinity for biological membranes. Compared with benzene analogues, these thiophene fluorophores show significant red shift in the absorption and emission spectra, offering compact red and near-infrared emitting fluorophores. More importantly, both the fluorescence quantum yields and the emission peaks are very sensitive to various environmental factors such as solvent polarity or viscosity, membrane potential, and membrane composition. These chromophores also exhibit strong nonlinear optical properties, including two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation, which are themselves environmentally sensitive. The combination of long wavelength fluorescence and nonlinear optical properties make these chromophores very suitable for applications that require sensing or imaging deep inside tissues.

Amino(oligo)thiophene dyes, preparation thereof, and optical methods of use

Amino(oligo)thiophene dyes useful for studying the electrophysiology of organelles, cells, and tissues are described. Compared to previously known dyes, the amino(oligo)thiophene dyes exhibit improved (faster) response to membrane potential changes, as well as the ability to be excited by 1064 nanometer femtosecond pulses. Methods of preparing the amino( oligo )thiophene dyes are also described.

AMINO(OLIGO)THIOPHENE DYES, PREPARATION THEREOF, AND OPTICAL METHODS OF USE

Amino(oligo)thiophene dyes useful for studying the electrophysiology of organelles, cells, and tissues are described. Compared to previously known dyes, the amino(oligo)thiophene dyes exhibit improved (faster) response to membrane potential changes, as well as the ability to be excited by 1064 nanometer femtosecond pulses. Methods of preparing the amino(oligo)thiophene dyes are also described.

NOVEL RU-TYPE SENSITIZERS AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to novel Ru-type dye and a method for preparing the same, more specifically to dye which is be used for a dye-sensitized solar cell to show remarkably improved photoelectric transformation efficiency compared to the existing

Tunable spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of conjugated push-push, push-pull and pull-pull thiopheno azomethines

Novel azomethines consisting uniquely of thiophene units were examined. The highly conjugated compounds were prepared by condensing air stable aminothiophenes with 2-thiophene aldehydes, which were substituted with various electronic groups. The resulting azomethines are highly conjugated and are both reductively and hydrolytically resistant. Various electron donating and accepting groups placed in the 2-position of 5-thiophene carboxaldehyde lead to electronically delocalized push-push, pull-pull, and push-pull azomethines. These electronic groups affect both the HOMO and the LUMO levels, which influence the absorption and emission spectra. Colors spanning the entire visible spectrum ranging from yellow to blue are possible with these nitrogen containing conjugated compounds. Excited state deactivation of the singlet excited state occurs predominately by internal conversion while only a small amount of energy is dissipated by intersystem crossing to the triplet state and by fluorescence. The ensuing fluorescence and phosphorescence of the thiopheno azomethines are similar to those of their thiophene analogues currently used in functional devices, but with the advantage of a low triplet state and tunable HOMO-LUMO energy levels extending from 3.0 to 1.9 eV. Quasi-reversible electrochemical radical cation formation is possible while the oxidation potential is dependent on the nature of the electronic group appended to the thiophene. The crystallographic data of the electronic push-push system show the azomethine bonds are planar and linear and they adopt the E isomer. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2007.

ATOP dyes. Optimization of a multifunctional merocyanine chromophore for high refractive index modulation in photorefractive materials

This paper reports synthesis, characterization and structural optimization of amino-thienyl-dioxocyano-pyridine (ATOP) chromophores toward a multifunctional amorphous material with unprecedented photorefractive performance. The structural (dynamic NMR, XRD) and electronic (UV/vis, electrooptical absorption, Kerr effect measurements) characterization of the ATOP chromophore revealed a cyanine-type π-conjugated system with an intense and narrow absorption band (εmax = 140 000 L mol-1 cm-1), high polarizability anisotropy (δα0 = 55 × 10-40 C V-1 m2), and a large dipole moment (13 D). This combination of molecular electronic properties is a prerequisite for strong electrooptical response in photorefractive materials with low glass-transition temperature (Tg). Other important materials-related properties such as compatibility with the photoconducting poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) host matrix, low melting point, low Tg, and film-forming capabilities were optimized by variation of four different alkyl substituents attached to the ATOP core. A morphologically stable PVK-based composite containing 40 wt % of ATOP-3 showed an excellent photorefractive response characterized by a refractive index modulation of Δn ≈ 0.007 and a gain coefficient of Γ ≈ 180 cm-1 at a moderate electrical field strength of E = 35 V μm-1. Even larger effects were observed with thin amorphous films consisting of the pure glass-forming dye ATOP-4 (Tg = 16 °C) and 1 wt % of the photosensitizer 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenylidene-malononitrile (TNFM). This material showed complete internal diffraction at a field strength of only E = 10 V μm-1 and Δn reached 0.01 at only E = 22 V μm-1 without addition of any specific photoconductor.