54443-89-9Relevant articles and documents
Malonic Acid Derivatives on Duty as Electron-Withdrawing Units in Push–Pull Molecules
Klikar, Milan,Jelínková, Veronika,R??i?ková, Zdeňka,Mikysek, Tomá?,Pytela, Old?ich,Ludwig, Miroslav,Bure?, Filip
, p. 2764 - 2779 (2017/05/29)
Based on the 2-(N-piperidinyl)thiophene central donor, 32 model push–pull molecules with systematically varied malonic acid-derived peripheral acceptors have been prepared. Further property tuning has been achieved by modifying the π-linker and the structural arrangement (linear vs. quadrupolar D–π–A systems). Malonic acid derivatives such as cyanoacetic acid, malondinitrile, diethyl malonate, Meldrum′s acid, and N,N′-dibutyl(thio)barbituric acid as well as 1,3-diketo analogues dimedone and indan-1,3-dione were employed as acceptor moieties. Knoevenagel condensation with four thiophene aldehydes afforded the target chromophores in satisfactory yields. The electron-withdrawing abilities of malonic acid acceptors were examined both by experiment including X-ray analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemistry, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and by DFT calculations. Details of the structure–property relationships have been elucidated. According to the increasing electron-withdrawing ability, the widely used malonic acid acceptor units can be ordered: diethyl malonate ≤ cyanoacetic acid malondinitrile Meldrum's acid dimedone ≤ N,N′-dibutylbarbituric acid indan-1,3-dione ≤ N,N′-dibutylthiobarbituric acid.