548-54-9 Usage
Description
Violacein is a naturally occurring di-indole-pyrrole violet-blue colored pigment that possesses numerous biological functions such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antiulcerogenic, anti-leishmanial, and enzyme modulation properties (Narsing et al. 2017). Violacein is biosynthesized by bacterial species such as Chromobacterium violaceum, Collimonas sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Janthinobacterium sp. This natural pigment is used extensively in the cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and textile industries (Baiano 2014).
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 548-54-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Violacein is an intense violet pigment formed by the condensation of two tryptophan units, found in a number of bacteria, notably Chromobacterium violaceum. The regulation of pigment biosynthesis is the chromogenic basis for the use of C. violaceum CV26 for the detection of quorum sensing mediators. Violacein exhibits broad spectrum actvity against bacteria, protozoans (including malaria), viruses and mammalian cell lines. Violacein cell toxicity resembles TNF-α signal transduction.
2. Violacein is tryptpphan-derived pigment produced by environmental bacterial. Violacein inhibits gram-positive pathogens by tearing off cytoplasmic cells as observed in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus cells using fluorescence microscopy.
3. Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum has been used:for cell culture assaysas a standard to determine the crude violacein concentration in ethanol extracts of D. violaceinigra str. NI28 culturesas a standard to identify violacein in the leaf samples of Nicotiana
Definition
ChEBI: violacein is a member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties.
General Description
Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum is used as a colorant for natural and synthetic fabrics. It functions as a respiratory pigment and regulates tryptophan production. Violacein exhibits anti-protozoal activity.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Violacein, a violet pigment, is an indole derivative produced by various bacterial strains such as Chromobacterium violaceum, Janthinobacterium lividum, Chromobacterium lividum, and Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea. Violacein is a member of a novel class of cytotoxic drugs, which mediate apoptosis. Violacein exhibits antitumoral, antibacterial, antiulcerogenic, antileishmanial, and antiviral activities. Violacein and its β-cyclodextrin complexes trigger apoptosis and differentiation in HL60 leukemic cells. Violacein cytotoxicity is preceded by activation of caspase 8, transcription of NF-κB target genes, and p38-MAPK activation resembling TNF-α signal transduction.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 548-54-9 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,4 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 548-54:
(5*5)+(4*4)+(3*8)+(2*5)+(1*4)=79
79 % 10 = 9
So 548-54-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H13N3O3/c24-10-5-6-15-12(7-10)14(9-21-15)17-8-13(19(25)23-17)18-11-3-1-2-4-16(11)22-20(18)26/h1-9,21,24H,(H,22,26)(H,23,25)/b18-13+
548-54-9Relevant articles and documents
The violacein biosynthesis monitored by multi-wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy and by the PARAFAC method
Dantas, Clecio,Volpe, Pedro L. O.,Dura?n, Nelson,Ferreira, Ma?rcia M. C.
, p. 2054 - 2064 (2012)
Obtaining information about a biosynthetic pathway is a complex and laborious procedure. In this sense, this work presents a new approach for the initial analysis of the biosynthesis of fluorescent natural products using as example the violacein biosynthe
A short synthesis of the bacterial pigments violacein and deoxyviolacein
Wille,Steglich
, p. 759 - 762 (2007/10/03)
A concise synthesis of the bacterial pigments deoxyviolacein (1a) and violacein (1b) is described in which two indole units are attached stepwise to the central pyrrolinone ring.
Biosynthesis of Violacein: a Novel Rearrangement in Tryptophan Metabolism with a 1,2-Shift of the Indole Ring
Hoshino, Tsutomu,Kondo, Tadao,Uchiyama, Takeo,Ogasawara, Nagahiro
, p. 965 - 968 (2007/10/02)
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