55511-44-9

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
(R)-(+)-Aminoglutethimide is used as a building block for the development of cephalosporin-based prodrugs for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT). This application takes advantage of its reactivity and stereochemistry to create targeted therapies for specific conditions.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
(R)-(+)-Aminoglutethimide is used as a starting material to prepare (R)-3-ethyl-3-(4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylamino)phenyl)piperidine-2,6-dione by reacting with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylamine via a deaminative coupling reaction. This synthesis is important for the development of new compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications.
Used in Enantioselective Fluorination:
(R)-(+)-Aminoglutethimide is also used to synthesize (R)-2-fluoro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(R)-(+)-aminoglutethimide through enantioselective α-fluorination. This process allows for the creation of chiral fluorinated compounds, which have potential applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and materials science.

InChI:InChI=1/C13H16N2O2/c1-2-13(8-7-11(16)15-12(13)17)9-3-5-10(14)6-4-9/h3-6H,2,7-8,14H2,1H3,(H,15,16,17)/t13-/m1/s1

Upstream product

• 125-84-8 aminoglutethimide 
• 170450-72-3 (R)-Diethyl 2-phenyl-2-ethylglutarate 
• 170450-71-2 (R)-Diethyl 2-phenyl-2-vinylglutarate 
• 1027948-84-0 (R)-2-Phenyl-2-ethylglutaric acid 
• 170450-61-0 4,5-Dioxo-3-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 
• 94814-82-1 2-(4-nitrophenyl)butanonitrile 
• 30698-33-0 methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetate 
• 100-00-5 4-chlorobenzonitrile 
• 17575-58-5 glutethimide 
• 170450-62-1 (3S,4R)-4-Hydroxy-5-oxo-3-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 
• 170450-66-5 (S)-Ethyl 2-formyl-2-<(formyloxy)methyl>phenylpropionate 
• 170450-68-7 (S)-Diethyl 4-phenyl-4-<(formyloxy)methyl>glutaconate 
• 170450-69-8 (S)-Diethyl 2-phenyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate 
• 170450-70-1 (S)-Diethyl 2-phenyl-2-formylglutarate 

Downstream Products

• 1205648-10-7 C₂₂H₂₃FN₂O₄ 
• 805231-43-0 (6R,7R)-7-Allyloxycarbonylamino-3-[4-((R)-3-ethyl-2,6-dioxo-piperidin-3-yl)-phenylcarbamoyloxymethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid benzhydryl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Colistin sulfate chiral stationary phase for the enantioselective separation of pharmaceuticals using organic polymer monolithic capillary chromatography ?

A new functionalized polymer monolithic capillary with a macrocyclic antibiotic, namely colistin sulfate, as chiral selector was prepared via the copolymerization of binary monomer mixtures consisting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in porogenic solvents namely 1-propanol and 1,4-butanediol, in the presence of azobisiso-butyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and colistin sulfate. The prepared capillaries were investigated for the enantioselective nano-LC separation of a group of racemic pharmaceuticals, namely, α- and β-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Acceptable separation was achieved for many drugs using reversed phase chromatographic conditions with no separation achieved under normal phase conditions. Colistin sulfate appears to be useful addition to the available macrocyclic antibiotic chiral phases used in liquid chromatography.

Conventional chiralpak ID vs. capillary chiralpak ID-3 amylose tris-(3-chlorophenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase columns for the enantioselective HPLC separation of pharmaceutical racemates

A comparative enantioselective analysis using immobilized amylose tris-(3-chlorophenylcarbamate) as chiral stationary phase in conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Chiralpak ID (4.6mm ID×250mm, 5μm silica gel) and micro-HPLC with Chiralpak ID-3 (0.30mm ID×150mm, 3μm silica gel) was conducted. Pharmaceutical racemates of 12 pharmacological classes, namely, α- and β-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, dopamine antagonists, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, diuretics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs were screened under normal phase conditions. The effect of an organic modifier on the analyte retentions and enantiomer recognition was investigated. Baseline separation was achieved for 1-acenaphthenol, carprofen, celiprolol, cizolirtine carbinol, miconazole, tebuconazole, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, 1-indanol, 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol, 1-phenyl-2-propanol, flavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone, 4-bromogluthethimide, and pentobarbital on the 4.6mm ID packed with a 5μm silica column using conventional HPLC. Nonetheless, baseline separation was achieved for aminoglutethimide, naftopidil, and thalidomide on the 0.3mm ID packed with a 3μm silica capillary column. Chirality 26:677-682, 2014.

Synthesis of dendrimer-type chiral stationary phases based on the selector of (1S,2R)-(+)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol derivate and their enantioseparation evaluation by HPLC

In our recent work, a series of dendritic chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were synthesized, in which the chiral selector was L-2-(p-toluenesulfonamido)-3- phenylpropionyl chloride (selector I), and the CSP derived from three-generation dendrimer showed the best separation ability. To further investigate the influence of the structures of dendrimer and chiral selector on enantioseparation ability, in this work, another series CSPs (CSPs 1-4) were prepared by immobilizing (1S,2R)-1,2-diphenyl-2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl 4-isocyanatophenylcarbamate (selector II) on one- to four-generation dendrimers that were prepared in previous work. CSPs 1 and 4 demonstrated the equivalent enantioseparation ability. CSPs 2 and 3 showed the best and poorest enantioseparation ability respectively. Basically, these two series of CSPs exhibited the equivalent enantioseparation ability although the chiral selectors were different. Considering the enantioseparation ability of the CSP derived from aminated silica gel and selector II is much better than that of the one derived from aminated silica gel and selector I, it is believed that the dendrimer conformation essentially impacts enantioseparation.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR CYCLOFRUCTANS AS SEPARATION AGENTS

The present invention relates to derivatized cyclofructan compounds, compositions comprising derivatized cyclofructan compounds, and methods of using compositions comprising derivatized cyclofructan compounds for chromatographic separations of chemical species, including enantiomers. Said compositions may comprise a solid support and/or polymers comprising derivatized cyclofructan compounds.

Method of Analyzing Optical Isomers or Method of Resolving the Same

Provided are a method of quickly and simply confirming the success or failure of resolution of optical isomers with the use of a column for resolving optical isomers and a method of simply designing the conditions of the eluent composition under isocratic elution conditions. In resolving optical isomers, the success or failure of the resolution can be simply and quickly confirmed by employing an HPLC gradient elution analysis method with the use of a column for resolving optical isomers. When the resolution is successfully conducted, the eluent composition under isocratic elution conditions can be estimated from the elution time in the gradient elution analysis.

Production of (R)-aminoglutethimide: A new route from 1 -chloro-4-nitrobenzene

The development of a short, safe and enantioselective route for the preparation of (R)-aminoglutethimide is described. The process was designed for economic large-scale manufacture of the bulk drug substance to acceptable quality standards, to allow clinical evaluation of the single enantiomer over the existing racemate. (R)-Aminoglutethimide was prepared from 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene using a six-stage synthetic sequence, via chemoresolution of key intermediate racemic 4-cyano-4-(4-nitrophenyl)hexanoic acid using (-)-cinchonidine. The process allowed for preparation of several kilograms of the precursor (R)-nitroglutethimide, to cGMP at pilot-plant scale, along with demonstration of the final hydrogenation step to (R)-aminoglutethimide in the laboratory. This route avoids the problems of hazardous nitration technology, and therefore regio-isomer contamination of the product, associated with other procedures. The resolution chemistry described represents an improvement on literature procedures. Optimisation of the asymmetric Michael addition offers an attractive alternative approach.

Resolution of 4-Cyano-4-(4-nitrophenyl)hexanoic acid: Synthesis of (R) and (S)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine- (aminoglutethimide)

Using (R)- or (S)-1-phenylethylamine as a resolving agent, (R)- and (S)-4-cyano-4-(4-nitrophenyl)hexanoic acids have been isolated. Cyclization of each enantiomer, followed by reduction of the nitro group, afforded (R)- and (S)-aminoglutethimide of high (>99% ee enantiomeric purity, respectively. The absolute configuration of (R)-(+)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione was solved by X-ray single crystal analysis thus establishing the (R)-configuration of the dextrorotatory aminoglutethimide. Attempted resolution of the other precursor of aminoglutethimide, 4-cyano-2-ethyl-(4-nitrophenyl)butanoic acid with (S)-1-phenylethylamine led to the formation of the double salt. Its crystal structure was elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Synthesis and aromatase inhibition of 3-cycloalkyl-substituted 3-(4- aminophenyl)piperidine-2,6-diones

The synthesis of 3-cycloalkyl-substituted 3-(4-aminophenyl)piperidine-2,6- diones is described [cyclopentyl (1), cyclohexyl (2)]. The enantiomers of 2 were separated either by using HPLC on optically active sorbent or by crystallization of the brucine salt of the phthalamic acid of 2. The absolute configuration of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of 2 were assigned as S and R, respectively, by comparing the CD spectra to those of the enantiomers of aminoglutethimide (AG, 3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione). The compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of human placental aromatase, the cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited aromatase by 50% at 1.2 and 0.3 μM, respectively (IC50 AG = 37 μM). According to the findings with AG, the (+)-enantiomer of 2 was responsible for the inhibitory activity, being a 240-fold more potent aromatase inhibitor in vitro than racemic AG. On the other hand, (+)-2 displayed a strongly reduced inhibition of desmolase (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) compared to AG (relative activity = 0.3). Thus (+)-2 is of interest as a potential drug for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases, e.g. mammary tumors.