5557-98-2Relevant articles and documents
Reevaluation of the Palladium/Carbon-Catalyzed Decarbonylation of Aliphatic Aldehydes
Ajda?i?, Vladimir,Nikoli?, Andrea,Kerner, Michael,Wipf, Peter,Opsenica, Igor M.
supporting information, p. 1781 - 1785 (2018/08/12)
An improved method for the decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes by using a commercially available Pd/C catalyst is described. The reaction conditions are suitable for linear, cyclic, or sterically demanding substrates, as they afford the corresponding alkanes in yields of up to 99%. In addition, this Pd/C-catalyzed method exhibits good functional-group tolerance. A comparison of previously reported methods with the present one showed that the reaction conditions play a crucial role in the outcome of the reaction. The method can also be applied in a two-step reaction sequence for the synthesis of industrially important compounds.
Rh-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage by transfer hydroformylation
Murphy, Stephen K.,Park, Jung-Woo,Cruz, Faben A.,Dong, Vy M.
, p. 56 - 60 (2015/03/04)
The dehydroformylation of aldehydes to generate olefins occurs during the biosynthesis of various sterols, including cholesterol in humans. Here, we implement a synthetic version that features the transfer of a formyl group and hydride from an aldehyde substrate to a strained olefin acceptor. A Rhodium(Xantphos)(benzoate) catalyst activates aldehyde carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds with high chemoselectivity to trigger carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage and generate olefins at low loadings (0.3 to 2 mole percent) and temperatures (22° to 80°C). This mild protocol can be applied to various natural products and was used to achieve a three-step synthesis of (+)-yohimbenone. A study of the mechanism reveals that the benzoate counterion acts as a proton shuttle to enable transfer hydroformylation.
Photochemistry of 1,1-Diazenes. Direct and Sensitized Photolyses of N-(2,2,5,5-Tetramethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene, dl-N-(2,5-Diethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene, and N-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidyl)nitrene
Schultz, Peter G.,Dervan, Peter B.
, p. 6660 - 6668 (2007/10/02)
The photochemistry of the 1,1-diazenes N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene (1), dl-N-(2,5-diethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene (2), and N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)nitrene (3) is reported.The fluorescence spectrum of 1,1-diazene 1 has a O-O band at 607 nm, which is the maximum.The spacing between the peaks at 607 and 672 nm corresponds to the N=N stretch of S0 consistent with the 1638 cm-1 stretch obtained from the infrared spectrum of 1.The fluorescence quantum yields are ΦF = 2 x 10-3 (MTHF, -78 deg C), 7 x 10-3 (MTHF, -196 deg C), and 1 x 10-3 (EPA, -196 deg C).The fluorescence lifetime of 1 is τF = 2.3 x 10-8 s (CFCl3, -196 deg C).Direct irradiation of 1 (466-610 nm, -78 deg C) affords four hydrocarbon products, 54percent 4, 44percent 5, 2percent 6 + 7 and tetrazene 8.Triplet-sensitized photodecomposition afforded 74percent 4, 24percent 5, 2percent 6 + 7 and tetrazene 8.An approximate quantum yield for decomposition on direct irradiation is ΦD = 1.1 x 10-2.From S1, kN2 is > 3.4 x 105 s-1, and reaction of S0 with S1, kDIM, is > 4.2 x 107 L mol-1 s-1 (at -78 deg C).The spectrum of 1,1-diazene 2 reveals a structured absorption with λmax 507 nm and a O-O band at 568 nm ( ε = 20).The vibrational spacing is 1270 cm-1.The fluorescence spectrum of 1,1-diazene 2 has a O-O band at 620 nm, which is the maximum.The spacing between the maxima at 620 and 690 nm corresponds to the N=N stretch of S0 consistent with the 1630 cm-1 stretch obtained for the infrared spectrum of 2.The fluorescence quantum yield ΦF = 9 x 10-3 (MTHF, -196 deg C).The direct and sensitized irradiation of 2 in the visible affords hydrocarbon products 14-19 and tetrazene 20 in different ratios.The retention of stereochemistry in the cyclobutane products in the direct and sensitized photodecomposition was 98 and 68percent, respectively, similar to the spin correlation effect seen in corresponding 1,2-diazene isomer.This indicates that for 2 (and by extension 1) kisc N2, consistent with a large S1-T1 gap in 1,1-diazenes.For 1,1-diazene 3 the fluorescence spectrum has a single maximum at 684 nm.The fluorescence quantum yield ΦF = 4 x 10-4 (MTHF, -196 deg C).The estimated fluorescence lifetime is τ = 4 x 10-9 s.Direct irradiation of 3 in the visible at -78 deg C afforded three hydrocarbon products, 29percent 21, 68percent 23 and tetrazene 25.
