56961-69-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Protic ionic liquids and salts as versatile carbon precursors
Zhang, Shiguo,Miran, Muhammed Shah,Ikoma, Ai,Dokko, Kaoru,Watanabe, Masayoshi
supporting information, p. 1690 - 1693 (2014/03/21)
Instead of traditional polymer precursors and complex procedures, easily prepared and widely obtainable nitrogen-containing protic ionic liquids and salts were explored as novel, small-molecule precursors to prepare carbon materials (CMs) via direct carbonization without other treatments. Depending on the precursor structure, the resultant CMs can be readily obtained with a relative yield of up to 95.3%, a high specific surface area of up to 1380 m 2/g, or a high N content of up to 11.1 wt%, as well as a high degree of graphitization and high conductivity (even higher than that of graphite). One of the carbons, which possesses a high surface area and a high content of pyridinic N, exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline medium, as revealed by an onset potential, half-wave potential, and kinetic current density comparable to those of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. These low-cost and versatile precursors are expected to be important building blocks for CMs.
Esterification of fatty acids in greases to fatty acid methyl esters with highly active diphenylamine salts
Ngo, Helen L.,Vanselous, Heather,Strahan, Gary D.,Haas, Michael
, p. 563 - 570 (2013/05/22)
Diphenylamine sulfate (DPAS) and diphenylamine hydrochloride (DPACl) salts were found to be highly active catalysts for esterification and substantial transesterification of inexpensive greases to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In the presence of catalytic amounts of DPAS or DPACl and excess methanol, the free fatty acids as well as the acylglycerols in waste greases were converted to FAME at 125 °C within 1 h. Although the DPAS and DPACl catalysts were found to have similar catalytic activities to their parent liquid acids (i.e., sulfuric and hydrochloric acids) the diphenylammonium salts are much easier to work with than concentrated liquid acids.
Hydrophobic N,N-diarylammonium pyrosulfates as dehydrative condensation catalysts under aqueous conditions
Sakakura, Akira,Koshikari, Yoshiki,Akakura, Matsujiro,Ishihara, Kazuaki
supporting information; experimental part, p. 30 - 33 (2012/02/14)
Oil-soluble N,N-diarylammonium pyrosulfates as nonsurfactant-type catalysts for the dehydrative ester condensation under aqueous conditions are described. Preheat treatment of dibasic sulfuric acid with bulky N,N-diarylamines generates water-tolerant salts of pyrosulfuric acid as active catalyst species. The present catalysts in water can also widely be applied to unusual selective esterifications and dehydrative glycosylation.
Thermolysis of hydrogen sulphate, nitrate and perchlorate salts of diphenylamine. Part LXVIII
Kapoor, Inder Pal Singh,Kapoor, Manisha,Singh, Gurdip
experimental part, p. 723 - 728 (2011/02/18)
Hydrogen sulphate, nitrate and perchlorate salts of diphenylamine have been prepared and characterized by elemental, spectral and gravimetric analyses. Thermal decomposition of these salts has been evaluated by TG (static air) and DSC (inert atmosphere). The proton transfer reaction plays a major role during thermolysis of these salts. The diphenylammonium hydrogen sulphate under thermal and microwave irradiation forms 4-(phenylamino) benzenesulphonic acid by sulphonation process, whereas nitrate and perchlorate salts do not form corresponding nitro and perchloro derivatives, rather they ignite and explode, respectively, to form gaseous products along with a residual carbon .
