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57-63-6

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57-63-6 Usage

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 57-63-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ethynyl estradiol (EE) is a synthetic form of estrogen that is majorly employed in numerous hormonal contraceptives in combination with progestins. Occasionally, it is also used as a constituent of menopausal hormone therapy with combination with progestins for treating menopausal symptoms. Previously, the drug was used solely for numerous indications such as treatment of prostate cancer and gynecological disorders. Ethynyl estradiol is a semisynthetic alkylated estradiol with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It is normally administred orally and is marketed mostly as a combination oral contraceptive under various brand names such as Alesse, Tri-cyclen, Yasmin, and Triphasil. A black box warning is normally labelled on the packaging that states that the drug should not be used in smoking women who are over 35 years old as it can lead to increased risk of serious cardiovascular side effects.
2. Estrogens direct the development of the female genotype in embryogenesis and at puberty. Estradiol is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary. Ethynyl estradiol is a synthetic analog of 17β-estradiol . A USP-approved grade of ethynyl estradiol is often formulated in combination with a progestin such as norgestrel /levonorgestrel or desogestrel and provided for use as an oral contraceptive. Efficacy of oral administration of ethynyl estradiol is facilitated by the ethynyl substitution at the C-17 position, which inhibits first pass hepatic metabolism. Ethynyl estradiol is also rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

History

Ethynyl estradiol was first developed in 1930 and officially introduced for medical used in 1943. In the 1960s, the drug was widely used in birth control pills. EE is currently found in most combined forms of birth control pills, which makes it one of the most used estrogens.

Indications

Ethynyl estradiol is used for treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms such as night sweats, hot flashes, and flushing that are associated with the menopause, prostatic carcinoma-palliative therapy of advanced disease, female hypogonadism, as emergency contraceptive, breast cancer, and as an oral contraceptive.

Pharmacodynamics

Ethynyl estradiol is a synthetic derivative of the natural estrogen estradiol. The drug is one of two widely used in oral contraceptive pills. Mestranol is the other drug that is normally converted to ethinyl estradiol before it becomes biologically active. EE is used together with norethindrone as an oral contraceptive agent.

Mechanism of Action

The estrogen in the drug diffuse into their target cells before interacting with a protein receptor. Notably, target cells include the female reproductive tract, the hypothalamus, the mammary gland, and the pituitary. Estrogens act by increasing the hepatic synthesis of thyroid binding globulin (TBG), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as well as other serum proteins. It also acts by suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from anterior pituitary. All these activities are initiated by fist binding to the estrogen receptors. The hypothalamic-pituitary system is suppressed by the combination of an estrogen with a progestin, which decreases the secretion of gonadorotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Medical Uses

Ethnynyl estradiol is majorly used to control pregnancy after sex as a contraception in combined oral contraceptives (COC), which are also referred to as birth control. EE is not only used in preventing pregnancy but is also employed in the treatment of absence of menstruation, acne, as well as symptoms during menstruation. It majorly works by preventing ovulation (the release of an egg) during the menstrual cycle. Further, it acts by making the vaginal fluid thicker to help in preventing sperm from fertilizing the released egg. It also changes the lining of the uterus to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. EE also works by making the menstruation cycle more regular, decreasing blood loss and painful periods, and decreasing the risk of ovarian cysts. EE is also used as menopausal hormone therapy (HRT) which has numerous benefits such as vaginal itching, vaginal dryness (which normally causes pain during sexual intercourse), and depressed mood. Previously, it was used as a constituent of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women; however, the use of estradiol has largely superseded it in this therapy. The drug can also be used in preventing osteoporosis and in treating hypogonadism in women and has been used as palliative care for breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

Contraindications

Ethnynyl estradiol should not be prescribed to individuals with history of susceptibility to venous or arterial thrombosis (blood clots) as it can lead to increased cardiovascular problems such as myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, and ischemic stroke. As such, it women with acute deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, any vascular disease history of DVT/PE, and complicated valvular heart disease are not advised to take the drug.

Side Effects

The side effects of EE include vomiting, nausea, headache, tenderness of the breast, abdominal cramps/bloating, swelling of the feet/ankles, and change in weight. In case of severe effects, one should immediately contact the doctor. EE can also cause irregular periods, which is considered normal.

Precautions

Before taking EE, it is important to inform the doctor or pharmacist if you allergic to the drug or to any other estrogens such as mestranol. It is also important to inform the doctor if one has a medical history of blood clots, for instance in the eyes, legs, and lungs. The medication can also affect blood sugar levels if one is diabetic. However, it is important to monitor the blood sugar levels and share it with the doctor in case one is using the drug.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how EE works or might increase its side effects. Products that can interact with the drug include aromatase inhibitors (such as exemestane and anastrozole), tizanidine, tamoxifen, and tranexamic. It can also interact with certain combination products that are normally used to treat chronic hepatitis C. some drugs interact with EE by decreasing the amount of the drug in the body.

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 57-63-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Off-White to Light-Yellow Crystalline Powder
2. Ethinylestradiol is a white to creamy-white powder. Odorless.

Originator

Estinyl,Schering,US,1944

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 57-63-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. A synthetic estradiol analog.
2. A metabolite of 17a-Ethynylestradiol
3. estrogen, plus progestogen as oral contraceptive

Definition

ChEBI: A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.

Manufacturing Process

In about 250 cc of liquid ammonia (cooled with dry ice and acetone) are dissolved about 7.5 g of potassium and into the solution acetylene is passed until the blue color has disappeared (about 3 hours). Then slowly a solution or suspension of 3 g of estrone in 150 cc of benzene and 50 cc of ether is added. The freezing mixture is removed, the whole allowed to stand for about 2 hours and the solution further stirred overnight. Thereupon the reaction solution is treated with ice and water, acidified with sulfuric acid to an acid reaction to Congo red and the solution extracted five times with ether. The combined ether extracts are washed twice with water, once with 5% sodium carbonate solution and again with water until the washing water is neutral. Then the ether is evaporated, the residue dissolved in a little methanol and diluted with water. The separated product is recrystallized from aqueous methanol. The yield amounts to 2.77 g. The 17-ethinyl-estradiol-3,17 thus obtained melts at 142°C to 144°C.

Brand name

Estinyl (Schering); Feminone (Pharmacia & Upjohn); Lynoral (Organon).

Therapeutic Function

Estrogen

General Description

Different sources of media describe the General Description of 57-63-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 17 -Ethinyl estradiol has thegreatest advantage over other estradiol products of beingorally active. It is equal to estradiol in potency by injectionbut is 15 to 20 times more orally active. The primary metabolicpath for ethinyl estradiol is 2-hydroxylation bycytochrome P450 isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), followed byconversion to the 2- and 3-methyl ethers by catechol-Omethyltransferase.The 3-methyl ether of ethinyl estradiolis mestranol, USP, used in oral contraceptives. Mestranolis a prodrug that is 3-O-demethylated to the active ethinylestradiol. An oral dose of about 50 μg of mestranol has anestrogenic action approximately equivalent to 35 g oforal ethinyl estradiol. The demethylation is mainly mediatedby CYP2C9.
2. Fine white to creamy white powder. A synthetic steroid. Used in combination with progestogen as an oral contraceptive.

Air & Water Reactions

Air and light sensitive . Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Ethynyl estradiol may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to generate gaseous hydrogen.

Health Hazard

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition Ethynyl estradiol emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Fire Hazard

The flash point data for Ethynyl estradiol are not available. Ethynyl estradiol is probably combustible.

Biochem/physiol Actions

17α-Ethynylestradiol is an orally bio-active synthetic estrogen used as an oral contraceptive.

Mechanism of action

Synthetic estrogen with potent activity (inhibition of ovulation), widely used in oral contraceptives. Manufactured from natural estrogen, estrone, by reaction with potassium acetylide (HCRCK) in liquid ammonia. The synthetic 17α-ethynyl derivative of estradiol-17β. The 17α-ethynyl group increases the in vivo potency of estradiol- 17β by blocking the action of 17β-dehydrogenase, a major pathway of estradiol-17β metabolic inactivation. It is thus active orally and is among the most potent of the known estrogenic compounds.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic, and neoplastigenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects by ingestion: glandular effects. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTRADIOL

Synthesis

Ethinyl estradiol, 17α-ethinyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-17β-diol (28.1.26), is made either by condensing estrone with acetylene in the presence of potassium hydroxide (Favorskii reaction), or by reacting sodium acetylenide in liquid ammonia with estrone.

Purification Methods

17--Ethynylestradiol forms a hemihydrate on recrystallising from MeOH/H2O. It dehydrates on melting and remelts on further heating at m 182-184o. The UV has max at 281nm ( 2040) in EtOH. Its solubility is 17% in EtOH, 25% in Et2O, 20% in Me2CO, 25% in dioxane and 5% in CHCl3. [Petit & Muller Bull Soc Chim Fr 121 1951.] The diacetyl derivative has m 143-144o (from MeOH) and [] D 20 +1o (c 1, CHCl3) [Mills et al. J Am Chem Soc 80 6118 1958]. [Beilstein 6 IV 6877.]

Incompatibilities

May react exothermically with reducing agents to generate flammable gaseous hydrogen. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides.

Waste Disposal

It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 57-63-6 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 57-63:
(4*5)+(3*7)+(2*6)+(1*3)=56
56 % 10 = 6
So 57-63-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H24O2/c1-3-20(22)11-9-18-17-6-4-13-12-14(21)5-7-15(13)16(17)8-10-19(18,20)2/h1,5,7,12,16-18,21-22H,4,6,8-11H2,2H3/t16-,17+,18+,19-,20+/m1/s1

57-63-6 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (E0037)  Ethynylestradiol  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 57-63-6

  • 1g

  • 420.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (E0037)  Ethynylestradiol  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 57-63-6

  • 5g

  • 1,180.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (Y0001124)  Ethinylestradiolforsystemsuitability  European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

  • 57-63-6

  • Y0001124

  • 1,880.19CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (E1900000)  Ethinylestradiol  European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

  • 57-63-6

  • E1900000

  • 1,880.19CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (E4876)  17α-Ethynylestradiol  ≥98%

  • 57-63-6

  • E4876-100MG

  • 749.97CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (E4876)  17α-Ethynylestradiol  ≥98%

  • 57-63-6

  • E4876-1G

  • 1,488.24CNY

  • Detail

57-63-6SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name 17α-ethynylestradiol

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Ethynylestradiol

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:57-63-6 SDS

57-63-6Synthetic route

norethisterone
68-22-4

norethisterone

ethinyl estradiol
57-63-6

ethinyl estradiol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(ll) bromide In acetonitrile for 16h; Ambient temperature;79%
homogenates of human adult liver;
With Cephalosporium aphidicola (IMI 68689) In dimethyl sulfoxide at 29℃; for 192h;164 mg
Estrone
53-16-7

Estrone

potassium acetylide
1111-63-3, 115570-71-3

potassium acetylide

ethinyl estradiol
57-63-6

ethinyl estradiol

Estrone
53-16-7

Estrone

acetylenemagnesium bromide
4301-14-8

acetylenemagnesium bromide

ethinyl estradiol
57-63-6

ethinyl estradiol

57-63-6Relevant articles and documents

Aromatization of norethindrone in human adult liver

Urabe, Mamoru,Yamamoto, Takara,Yishiji, Shuichi,Honjo, Hideo,Okada, Hiroji

, p. 607 - 608 (1987)

Homogenates of human adult liver are capable of aromatization norethindrone (17-α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) to ethynylestradiol (17α-ethynylestradiol).The evidence of ethynylestradiol formation was obtained using a Boi-Rad AG1-X2 column, thin layer chromatography and co-crystallization.

O-(Aminosulfonylation) of phenols and an example of slow hydrolytic release

Yang, Baocheng,Sun, Zhexun,Liu, Changzhi,Cui, Yan,Guo, Zhilei,Ren, Yuwei,Lu, Zhijian,Knapp, Spencer

supporting information, p. 6658 - 6661 (2014/12/11)

Sequential replacement of imidazole from sulfonyldiimidazole by phenols and then amines leads to O-arylsulfamate esters. Application of this coupling method to 19 phenols and 6 amines generates a library of 114 sulfamate esters, Ar-OSO2-NR2. A sulfamate based conjugate of ethinyl estradiol was prepared by using the steroid 3-hydroxyl as the phenol component, and an amino amide derived from linoleic acid as the amine. Hydrolysis of this conjugate was studied in aqueous buffer at pH values 2, 5, and 7.4, and (essentially identical) respective half-lives of 6.8, 6.6, and 6.7 days were observed.

Anti-Claudin 3 Monoclonal Antibody and Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer Using the Same

-

, (2010/05/13)

Monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to Claudin 3 expressed on cell surface are provided. The antibodies of the present invention are useful for diagnosis of cancers that have enhanced expression of Claudin 3, such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, and colon cancer. The present invention provides monoclonal antibodies showing cytotoxic effects against cells of these cancers. Methods for inducing cell injury in Claudin 3-expressing cells and methods for suppressing proliferation of Claudin 3-expressing cells by contacting Claudin 3-expressing cells with a Claudin 3-binding antibody are disclosed. The present application also discloses methods for diagnosis or treatment of cancers.

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