5876-10-8

Upstream product

• 2039-85-2 3-Chlorostyrene 
• 109-73-9 N-butylamine 
• 2039-87-4 2-chlorostyrene 
• 496-15-1 1-indoline 
• 71-36-3 butan-1-ol 
• 60-01-5 tributyrin 
• 473-81-4 glyceric acid 
• 123-72-8 butyraldehyde 

Downstream Products

• 22014-99-9 N-butylindole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Manganese-Catalyzed Regioselective Dehydrogenative C-versus N-Alkylation Enabled by a Solvent Switch: Experiment and Computation

The first base metal-catalyzed regioselective dehydrogenative alkylation of indolines using readily available alcohols as the alkylating reagent is reported. A single air-and moisture-stable manganese catalyst provides access to either C3-or N-alkylated indoles depending on the solvent used. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction takes place through a combined acceptorless dehydrogenation and hydrogen autotransfer strategy.

Esters, Including Triglycerides, and Hydrogen as Feedstocks for the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Direct N-Alkylation of Amines

Triglycerides are used for the direct N-alkylation of amines with molecular hydrogen for the first time. A broad range of interesting and industrially relevant secondary and tertiary amines are obtained in the presence of an in situ formed Ru/Triphos complex. Notably, plant oil can be efficiently applied in this single-step process. Moreover, a variety of other methyl esters can be used as N-alkylation agents in the presence of hydrogen for the synthesis of more advanced building blocks.

Oxo-rhenium-catalyzed deoxydehydration of polyols with hydroaromatic reductants

Several dihydroaromatic compounds are shown to be effective reducing agents in the oxo-metal-catalyzed deoxydehydration of diols and polyols to produce olefins and the corresponding arenes. NH4ReO4 and MeReO3 are active catalysts for the reactions. The most effective of the hydroaromatic reductants is indoline, which is oxidized to indole. Yields for a variety of diols and polyols range from 35% to 99%. Two hydrogen donors, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and dihydroanthracene, engage in tandem DODH/cycloaddition reactions. Competition experiments show that indoline is more reactive than representative alcohols in H-transfer. Indoline is shown to reduce MeReO3 to MeReO2 via an isolable adduct, MeReO3(indoline) (4), which has been structurally characterized and is suggested to be an intermediate in the catalytic DODH process.

Development of a solvent selection guide for aldehyde-based direct reductive amination processes

A range of alternative, more environmentally conservative solvents have been evaluated for use within the direct reductive amination reactions of aldehydes using borane-based reductants. The data generated has been used to develop a guide to facilitate replacement of less desirable chlorinated solvents, such as DCE, from these widely used synthetic processes.

Efficient nickel-mediated intramolecular amination of aryl chlorides

(Matrix presented) The use of an in situ generated Ni(0) catalyst associated with 2,2′-bipyridine or N,N′ -bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIPr) as a ligand and NaO-t-Bu as the base for the intramolecular coupling of aryl chlorides with amines is described. The procedure has been applied to the formation of five-, six-, and seven-membered rings.

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroindoles, indoles, and anilines by transition metal-free amination of aryl chlorides

Aliphatic and aromatic amines react with 2- and 3-chlorostyrene in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide to give N-substituted 2,3-dihydroindoles in good yields. The combination of this domino-amination protocol with a suitable dehydrogenation reaction gives access to pharmacologically interesting indoles in a one-pot procedure. Overall product yields of N-substituted indoles > 50% are obtained by this method starting from commercially available substrates. In addition to the intramolecular base-promoted amination of aromatic C-Cl, bonds, metal-free intermolecular aminations of aryl chlorides with primary and secondary amines are described. The use of potassium tert-butoxide as base allows the synthesis of various anilines in good to excellent yields. Due to the formation of aryne intermediates, either N-substituted anilines or meta-substituted anilines are produced with excellent selectivities.

Process for the preparation of 2,3-Dihydroindoles (indolines), novel 2,3-dihydroindoles, and their use

A process for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroindoles of the formula (I) by reaction of halostyrenes of the formula (IIa) or (IIb) with amines of the formula (III) R1—NH2??(III) in at least one inert solvent or in water, and in the presence of at least one base.