59098-00-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THESE COMPOUNDS
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Page 24-25, (2010/02/09)
The present invention relates to novel benzimidazole derivatives of the formula (I) as defined in the description and in the claims, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods of treatment therewith. The compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of central nervous system diseases and disorders, which are responsive to modulation of the GABAA receptor complex, and in particular for inducing and maintaining anaesthesia, sedation and muscle relaxation, as well as for combating febrile convulsions in children. The compounds of the invention may also be used by veterinarians.
4-Substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes: Structure-activity relationships and extension of the substrate model of rat glutathione S-transferase 4-4
Van Der Aar, Ellen M.,De Groot, Marcel J.,Bouwman, Tialda,Bijloo, Greetje J.,Commandeur, Jan N. M.,Vermeulen, Nico P. E.
, p. 439 - 449 (2007/10/03)
In the present study, eleven 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes were tested for their GSH conjugation capacity when catalyzed by base or rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) 4-4. Kinetic parameters (k(s) and K(m), k(cat), and k(cat)/K(m)) were determined and subsequently used for the description of structure-activity relationships (SAR's). For this purpose, eight physicochemical parameters (electronic, steric, and lipophilic) of the substituents and five computer-calculated parameters of the substrates (charge distributions and several energy values) were used in regression analyses with the kinetic parameters. The obtained SAR's are compared with corresponding SAR's for the GSH conjugation of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4- nitrobenzenes, previously determined [Van der Aar et al. (1996) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, 527-534]. The kinetic parameters of the 4-substituted 1-chloro- 2-nitrobenzenes correlated well with the Hammett σ(p)- constant; the Hammett σ(p) constant corrected for 'through resonance', while the corresponding kinetic parameters of the 2-substituted 1-chloro-4- nitrobenzenes did not. The base-and GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation reactions of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes depend to a different extent on the electronic properties of the ortho substituents, suggesting the involvement of different rate-limiting transition states. The base- and GST 4-4-catalyzed conjugation of 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes, however, showed a similar dependence on the electronic properties of the para substituents, indicating that these substrates are conjugated to GSH via a similar transition state. Multiple regression analyses revealed that, besides electronic interactions, also steric and lipophilic restrictions appeared to play an important role in the GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation of 4- substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes. Finally, the 4-substituted 1-chloro-2- nitrobenzenes were also used to extend the previously described substrate model for GST 4-4 [De Groot et al. (1995) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8, 649-658], by which a specific steric restriction of substrates for GST 4-4 became clear.
