59526-67-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Laser flash photolysis studies of oxygen and sulfur atom transfer reactions from oxiranes and thiiranes to singlet carbenes
Pezacki, John Paul,Wood, Paul D.,Gadosy, Timothy A.,Lusztyk, Janusz,Warkentin, John
, p. 8681 - 8691 (1998)
Laser flash photolysis (UV-LFP) studies of benzylchlorodiazirine (1a), phenylchlorodiazirine (1b), phenylmethoxydiazirine (1c), 2,2-dimethoxy-5,5- dimethyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (6a), 3,4-diaza-2,2-dimethoxy 1- oxa[4.3]spirooct-3-ene (6b), 5',5'-dimethoxyspiro[adamantane]-2,2 -[Δ3- 1,3,4-oxadiazoline] (6c), and diazofluorene (DAF) in the presence of oxiranes and thiiranes are reported. These compounds, upon irradiation, afford benzylchlorocarbene (2a), phenylchlorocarbene (2b), methoxyphenylcarbene (2c), dimethylcarbene (8a), cyclobutylidene (8b), adamantylidene (8c), and fluorenylidene (FL), respectively. Absolute rate constants for the transfer of oxygen and sulfur atoms to these carbenes have been determined in both acetonitrile and cyclohexane solvents. These carbenes abstract oxygen and sulfur atoms with bimolecular rate constants ranging from 104 to 1010 M- 1 s-1 at 22 °C. Ylides from attack of carbenes onto heteroatom donors were not observed for any of the heteroatom transfer reactions. It was found that the magnitudes of the rate constants for heteroatom transfer are dependent on the philicity of the carbene intermediate, and trends in the kinetic data suggest that oxygen and sulfur atom transfers occur by concerted mechanisms through ylide-like transition states. The reactions of dimethoxycarbene (14) with cyclohexene oxide and propylene sulfide have been studied by the thermolysis of 6a, in benzene, at 110 °C. It was found that dimethoxycarbene also abstracts oxygen and sulfur atoms, albeit in low yields. It is concluded that, for singlet carbenes, carbene electrophiiicity is important in these heteroatom transfer processes.
CHLOROACRYLONITRILE, A DETECTOR SUBSTRATE FOR CARBENE NUCLEOPHILICITY; APPLICATIONS TO PHENYLHALOCABENES
Moss, Robert A.,Fan, Hong,Hadel, Linda M.,Shen, Shilan,Wlostowska, Joanna,et al.
, p. 4779 - 4782 (2007/10/02)
α-Chloroacrylonitrile is an excellent substrate for nucleophilic and ambiphilic carbenes; its use permits visualization of the latent ambiphilic properties of the phenylhalocarbenes.
