59965-06-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Highly-chemoselective step-down reduction of carboxylic acids to aromatic hydrocarbons: Via palladium catalysis
Liu, Chengwei,Qin, Zhi-Xin,Ji, Chong-Lei,Hong, Xin,Szostak, Michal
, p. 5736 - 5742 (2019/06/18)
Aryl carboxylic acids are among the most abundant substrates in chemical synthesis and represent a perfect example of a traceless directing group that is central to many processes in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, natural products and polymers. Herein, we describe a highly selective method for the direct step-down reduction of carboxylic acids to arenes, proceeding via well-defined Pd(0)/(ii) catalytic cycle. The method shows a remarkably broad substrate scope, enabling to direct the classical acyl reduction towards selective decarbonylation by a redox-neutral mechanism. The utility of this reaction is highlighted in the direct defunctionalization of pharmaceuticals and natural products, and further emphasized in a range of traceless processes using removable carboxylic acids under mild, redox-neutral conditions orthogonal to protodecarboxylation. Extensive DFT computations were conducted to demonstrate preferred selectivity for the reversible oxidative addition and indicated that a versatile hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway is operable.
A MICROBIAL LIPASE BASED STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF (d)-α-TOCOPHEROL FROM (R)-CITRONELLAL AND (S)-(6-HYDROXY-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYLCHROMAN-2-YL)ACETIC ACID
Coffen, David L.,Cohen, Noal,Pico, Anthony M.,Schmid, Rudolph,Sebastian, Mark J.,Wong, Frederick
, p. 527 - 552 (2007/10/02)
A new sythesis of natural vitamin E (2R,4'R,8'R)-α-tocopherol) based on (R)-citronellal and (S)-(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl)acetic acid is described.The citronellal is elaborated into an optically pure C13 allylic carbonate using a lipase catalyzed kinetic resolution to control the new chiral center.Palladium catalyzed coupling of the C13 carbonate with either a β-ketoester or β-ketosulphone derived from the chromanylacetic completes the assembly of the α-tocopherol skeleton.Appropriate functional group modifications are used to complete the synthesis.
2-(trimethyl-tridecenyl)-tetramethylchroman intermediates for vitamin E
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, (2008/06/13)
6-Etherified hydroxy -2-(4',8',12'-trimethyl-5'-tridecenyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromans with an oxo or hydroxy substituent at the 2' position which may be substituted with an arylsulfonyl or a carboxyalkyl at the 3' position and containing a single or double bond at the 11 position, said chromans being intermediates for producing natural vitamin E.
