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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Why do thioureas and squaramides slow down the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement?

A range of chiral hydrogen-bond-donating organocatalysts was tested in the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of silyl ketene acetals. None of these organocatalysts was able to impart any enantioselectivity on the rearrangements. Furthermore, these organocatalysts slowed down the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement in comparison to an uncatalyzed reaction. The catalyst-free reaction proceeded well in green solvents or without any solvent. DFT calculations showed that the activation barriers are higher for reactions involving hydrogen-donating organocatalysts and kinetic experiments suggest that the catalysts bind stronger to the starting silyl ketene acetals than to transition structures thus leading to inefficient rearrangement reactions.

A 1,3,2-Diazaphospholene-Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangement

1,3,2-Diazaphospholenes (DAPs) are an emerging class of organic hydrides. In this work, we exploited them as efficient catalysts for very mild reductive Claisen rearrangements. The method is tolerant towards a wide variety of functional groups and operates at ambient temperature. Besides being enantiospecific for substrates with existing stereogenic centers, the diastereoselectivity can be switched by varying solvents and DAP catalysts. The reaction kinetics show direct rearrangements of O-bound phospholene enolates and provide a proof-of-principle for catalytic enantioselective reactions.

A new variant of Reformatsky-Claisen rearrangement mediated by indium chloride

A new variant of Reformatsky - Claisen rearrangement is described. The reaction of an allyl a-bromo ester in the presence of indium(I) chloride provides a general entry into the functionalized synthon. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.

Transition-metal catalyzed synthesis of δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones from bis(trimethylsilyl) ketene acetals and allylic acetates via γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids. Comments on the formation of α-cyclopropyl carboxylic acids

Bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetals react with allylic acetates in the presence of Pd(0) complexes to give γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids together with α-cyclopropyl carboxylic acids. The unsaturated acids can be converted catalytically to δ-hydroxy-yγ-lactones by the H2O2/MTO system (methyltrioxorhenium) and to butenolides by Pd(II) catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reactions. The structure of two of these lactones has been established by X-ray analysis. The mechanism of the formation of the cyclopropanic acids will be discussed.

A two-step, catalytic synthesis of δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones from allylic acetates and bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetals

Bis(trimethylsilyl) ketene acetals react successively with allylic acetates, in the presence of Pd(0) then with H2O2, in the presence of methyltrioxorhenium, to give δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones via γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Competitive - and -Sigmatropic Rearrangements

Several cases of the oxy-Cope rearrangement, which typically prefers the -sigmatropic route, are now known to occur in a -sigmatropic fashion.By contrast, the symmetry-allowed thermal rearrangement of carbanions (or their enol derivatives; e.g.,