61236-17-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Photochemical generation of nitrenium ions from protonated 1,1-diarylhydrazines
Winter, Arthur H.,Thomas, Selina I.,Kung, Andrew C.,Falvey, Daniel E.
, p. 4671 - 4674 (2004)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Laser flash photolysis experiments, chemical trapping studies, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations demonstrate that photolysis of protonated 1,1-diarylhydrazines generates N,N-diarylnitrenium ions.
Interaction of retinoic acid radical cation with lysozyme and antioxidants: Laser flash photolysis study in microemulsion
Li, Kun,Wang, Mei,Wang, Ting,Sun, Dongmei,Zhu, Rongrong,Sun, Xiaoyu,Wu, Xianzheng,Wang, Shi-Long
, p. 1064 - 1070 (2013/09/24)
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays essential roles in the normal biological processes and the treatment of cancer and skin diseases. Considering its photosensitive property, many studies have been focused on the photochemistry of ATRA. In this study, we investigated the transient phenomena in the laser flash photolysis (LFP) of ATRA in microemulsion to further understand the photochemistry of ATRA. Results show that 355 nm LFP of ATRA in both acidic and alkaline conditions leads to the generation of retinoic acid cation radicals (ATRA?+) via biphotonic processes. The employment of microemulsion system allows us to investigate the reaction of hydrophobic ATRA?+ with molecules of different polarity. Therefore, we studied the reaction activity of ATRA?+ to many hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. Results show that ATRA?+ can efficiently interact with lysozyme, tyrosine, tryptophan and many antioxidants, such as curcumin (Cur), vitamin C (VC) and gallic acid (GA). The apparent rate constants of these reactions were measured and compared. These findings suggest that ATRA?+ is a reactive transient product which may pose damage to lysozyme, and antioxidants, such as Cur, VC and GA, may inactivate ATRA?+ by efficient quenching reactions. 355 nm laser flash photolysis of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in microemulsion leads to the formation of retinoic acid cation radicals (ATRA?+) via biphotonic processes. Deprotonated form of ATRA is more favorable for the formation of ATRA?+. ATRA?+ is proved to be reactive to lysozyme, tyrosine and tryptophan which is suggestive of its destructive effect on proteins. Meanwhile, some antioxidants, such as curcumin, gallic acid and vitamin C, can efficiently interact with ATRA?+, which indicates that it may competitively protect proteins from the attack of ATRA?+ by inactivating free radical.
