61633-75-8

Usage

Definition

ChEBI: The pyranose form of N-acetylmuramic acid.

InChI:InChI=1/C11H19NO8/c1-4(10(16)17)19-9-7(12-5(2)14)11(18)20-6(3-13)8(9)15/h4,6-9,11,13,15,18H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,12,14)(H,16,17)/t4-,6-,7-,8-,9-,11?/m1/s1

Upstream product

• 76420-28-5 N-acetyl-1-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-isomuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine benzyl ester 
• 730911-70-3 Benzyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-3-O-<(S)-1-carboxyethyl>-α-D-glucopyranoside 
• 72009-73-5 (S)-2-((4aR,6S,7R,8R,8aS)-7-Acetylamino-6-benzyloxy-2-phenyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-8-yloxy)-propionic acid 3,5-dioxo-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.0^2,6]dec-8-en-4-yl ester 
• 29617-66-1 (S)-2-chloropropanoic acid 
• 117177-19-2 2-methyl-(1,2-dideoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofurano)-<2,1-d>-2-oxazoline 
• 87173-13-5 (R)-2-{[(2S,4aR,6R,7R,8R,8aS)-7-Acetamido-6-(benzyloxy)-2-phenylhexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-8-yl]oxy}propanoic acid 
• 56772-92-0 muramyl dipeptide 
• 15892-26-9 benzyl 2-acetamido-3-O-<(R)-1-carboxyethyl>-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside 

Downstream Products

• 40525-29-9 peptidoglycan 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Functional characterization of the n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase, ami1, from Mycobacterium abscessus

Peptidoglycan (PG) is made of a polymer of disaccharides organized as a three-dimensional mesh-like network connected together by peptidic cross-links. PG is a dynamic structure that is essential for resistance to environmental stressors. Remodeling of PG occurs throughout the bacterial life cycle, particularly during bacterial division and separation into daughter cells. Numerous autolysins with various substrate specificities participate in PG remodeling. Expression of these enzymes must be tightly regulated, as an excess of hydrolytic activity can be detrimental for the bacteria. In non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus, the function of PG-modifying enzymes has been poorly investigated. In this study, we characterized the function of the PG amidase, Ami1 from M. abscessus. An ami1 deletion mutant was generated and the phenotypes of the mutant were evaluated with respect to susceptibility to antibiotics and virulence in human macrophages and zebrafish. The capacity of purified Ami1 to hydrolyze muramyl-dipeptide was demonstrated in vitro. In addition, the screening of a 9200 compounds library led to the selection of three compounds inhibiting Ami1 in vitro. We also report the structural characterization of Ami1 which, combined with in silico docking studies, allows us to propose a mode of action for these inhibitors.

Synthesis of Functionalized N-Acetyl Muramic Acids to Probe Bacterial Cell Wall Recycling and Biosynthesis

Uridine diphosphate N-acetyl muramic acid (UDP NAM) is a critical intermediate in bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis. As the primary source of muramic acid that shapes the PG backbone, modifications installed at the UDP NAM intermediate can be used to selectively tag and manipulate this polymer via metabolic incorporation. However, synthetic and purification strategies to access large quantities of these PG building blocks, as well as their derivatives, are challenging. A robust chemoenzymatic synthesis was developed using an expanded NAM library to produce a variety of 2-N-functionalized UDP NAMs. In addition, a synthetic strategy to access bio-orthogonal 3-lactic acid NAM derivatives was developed. The chemoenzymatic UDP synthesis revealed that the bacterial cell wall recycling enzymes MurNAc/GlcNAc anomeric kinase (AmgK) and NAM α-1 phosphate uridylyl transferase (MurU) were permissive to permutations at the two and three positions of the sugar donor. We further explored the utility of these derivatives in the fluorescent labeling of both Gram (-) and Gram (+) PG in whole cells using a variety of bio-orthogonal chemistries including the tetrazine ligation. This report allows for rapid and scalable access to a variety of functionalized NAMs and UDP NAMs, which now can be used in tandem with other complementary bio-orthogonal labeling strategies to address fundamental questions surrounding PG's role in immunology and microbiology.