623580-01-8Relevant articles and documents
Efficient C-H Amination Catalysis Using Nickel-Dipyrrin Complexes
Betley, Theodore A.,Clarke, Ryan M.,Dong, Yuyang,Porter, Gerard J.
supporting information, p. 10996 - 11005 (2020/07/08)
A dipyrrin-supported nickel catalyst (AdFL)Ni(py) (AdFL: 1,9-di(1-adamantyl)-5-perfluorophenyldipyrrin; py: pyridine) displays productive intramolecular C-H bond amination to afford N-heterocyclic products using aliphatic azide substrates. The catalytic amination conditions are mild, requiring 0.1-2 mol% catalyst loading and operational at room temperature. The scope of C-H bond substrates was explored and benzylic, tertiary, secondary, and primary C-H bonds are successfully aminated. The amination chemoselectivity was examined using substrates featuring multiple activatable C-H bonds. Uniformly, the catalyst showcases high chemoselectivity favoring C-H bonds with lower bond dissociation energy as well as a wide range of functional group tolerance (e.g., ethers, halides, thioetheres, esters, etc.). Sequential cyclization of substrates with ester groups could be achieved, providing facile preparation of an indolizidine framework commonly found in a variety of alkaloids. The amination cyclization reaction mechanism was examined employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the reaction kinetic profile. A large, primary intermolecular kinetic isotope effect (KIE = 31.9 ± 1.0) suggests H-atom abstraction (HAA) is the rate-determining step, indicative of H-atom tunneling being operative. The reaction rate has first order dependence in the catalyst and zeroth order in substrate, consistent with the resting state of the catalyst as the corresponding nickel iminyl radical. The presence of the nickel iminyl was determined by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy observed during catalysis. The activation parameters (ΔH? = 13.4 ± 0.5 kcal/mol; ΔS?= -24.3 ± 1.7 cal/mol·K) were measured using Eyring analysis, implying a highly ordered transition state during the HAA step. The proposed mechanism of rapid iminyl formation, rate-determining HAA, and subsequent radical recombination was corroborated by intramolecular isotope labeling experiments and theoretical calculations.
Novel Compounds 951
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Page/Page column 7, (2009/01/23)
The present invention relates to amide compounds useful as pharmaceuticals for treating respiratory disorders such as asthma, rhinitis and COPD.
(INDOL-3-YL)-HETEROCYCLE DERIVATIVES AS AGONISTS OF THE CANNABINOID CB1 RECEPTOR
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Page/Page column 51-52, (2010/02/14)
The invention relates to (indol-3-yl)-heterocycle derivatives having general Formula (I) wherein A represents a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, wherein X1, X2 and X3 are independently selected from N, O, S and CR; R is H or (C1-4)alkyl; or R, when present in X2 or X3, may form together with R3 a 5-8 membered ring; R1 is a 5-8 mem-bered saturated carbocyclic ring, optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O and S; R2 is H, CH3 or CH2-CH3;or R2 is joined together with R7 to form a 6-mem-bered ring, optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O and S, and which heteroatom is bonded to the 7-position of the indole ring; R3 and R4 are independent-ly H, (C1-6)alkyl or (C3-7)cycloalkyl, the alkyl groups being optionally substituted with OH, (C1-4)alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkylthio, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyl, CN or halogen; or R3 together with R4 and the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S, and which is optionally sub-stituted with OH, (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkyloxy- (C1-4)alkyl, or halogen; or R3 together with R5 forms a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further hetero-atom selected from O and S, and which is optionally substituted with OH, (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkyloxy- (C1-4)alkyl, or halogen; or R3 together with R, when present in X2 or X3, forms a 5-8 membered ring; R5 is H or (C1-4)alkyl; or R5 together with R3 forms a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom select-ed from O and S, and which is optionally substituted with OH, (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyl-oxy, (C1-4) alkyloxy- (C1-4)alkyl, or halogen; R5' is H or (C1-4)alkyl; R6 represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from H, (C1-4 alkyl, (C1-4) alkyloxy, CN and halogen; R7 is H, (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyloxy, CN or halogen; or R7 is joined together with R2 to form a 6-membered ring, optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S, and which heteroatom is bonded to the 7-position of the indole ring; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as agonists of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, which can be used in the treatment of pain such as for example peri-operative pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, cancer pain and pain and spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis.
