6266-40-6

Usage

Type of compound

Chemical compound

Potential use

Pharmacological and biochemical research

Structural analogue

Ryanodine (a plant alkaloid)

Target receptor

Ryanodine receptor (calcium release channel)

Primary location of target receptor

Skeletal and cardiac muscle

Research focus

Understanding calcium release mechanisms in muscle cells

Potential application

Treatment of muscle disorders

Investigation for

Development of new drugs for cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular diseases

Current status

Further research needed to understand potential applications and effects in biological systems

Upstream product

• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 4101-68-2 1,10-dibromodecane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Kinetic control of threading of cyclodextrins onto axle molecules

We report here, for the first time, kinetic control of the face-direction of cyclodextrin (CD) in the construction of a pseudo-rotaxane with an alkyl chain bearing pyridyl end caps. The yields of complexes of CDs with guest alkyl derivatives were controlled by the simple change of the position and the number of methyl groups bound to the pyridyl moiety. Single-substituted pyridyl groups attached to the ends of the alkyl chain regulated the rate for CDs passing them. Two methyl substituents could clearly govern the degree of complex formation of CD with guest molecules and resulted in the distinction of face-direction of CD molecules entering the gates at guest ends. Copyright

Contorted conformations of 1,4-butylidenedipyridinium and 1,10-decylidenedipyridinium cationic guests in a cucurbit[8]uril host

1,4-Butylidenedipyridinium (C4DP2+) and 1,10-decylidenedipyridinium (C10DP2+) cationic guests form highly stable 1:1 inclusion complexes in aqueous solution with a cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) host. Single-crystal structure analysis of the inclusion complexes revealed that the alkyl chain of the CnDP2+ (n = 4, 10) cationic guest adopts an unconventional contorted conformation, which is attributed to favorable host-guest interactions (including charge-dipole and hydrophobic interactions) when bound within the cavity of the Q[8] host. Moreover, their crystal structures suggest that the alkyl chain and the aromatic group can be encapsulated into the Q[8] host simultaneously, and the alkyl chain is more favorably encapsulated into the Q[8] host than the aromatic group. The alkyl chains of two organic cationic guests adopt unconventional contorted conformations, which is attributed to favorable host-guest interactions, including charge-dipole and hydrophobic interactions, when bound within the cavity of a Q[8] host. Copyright

Supramolecular hydrogels formed from poly(viologen) cross-linked with cyclodextrin dimers and their physical properties

Supramolecular materials with noncovalent bonds have attracted much attention due to their exclusive properties differentiating them from materials formed solely by covalent bonds. Especially interesting are rotor molecules of topological complexes that s

Synthesis, antifungal and haemolytic activity of a series of bis(pyridinium)alkanes

A series of bis(pyridinium)alkanes have been prepared and their antifungal activity, haemolytic activity and ability to inhibit fungal phospholipase B1 have been investigated, together with those of the commercially available antiseptics octenidine and dequalinium. Removal of the amino substituents from the pyridinium rings resulted in a significant decrease in antifungal activity. However, shortening or removing the alkyl chains attached to the amino groups had little effect on antifungal activity and significantly reduced haemolytic activity. Only octenidine was a strong inhibitor of fungal phospholipase B1.

Development of small bisquaternary cholinesterase inhibitors as drugs for pre-treatment of nerve agent poisonings

Background: Intoxication by nerve agents could be prevented by using small acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (eg, pyridostigmine) for potentially exposed personnel. However, the serious side effects of currently used drugs led to research of novel potent molecules for prophylaxis of organophosphorus intoxication. Methods: The molecular design, molecular docking, chemical synthesis, in vitro methods (enzyme inhibition, cytotoxicity, and nicotinic receptors modulation), and in vivo methods (acute toxicity and prophylactic effect) were used to study bispyridinium, bisquinolinium, bisisoqui-nolinium, and pyridinium-quinolinium/isoquinolinium molecules presented in this study. Results: The studied molecules showed non-competitive inhibitory ability towards human acetylcholinesterase in vitro that was further confirmed by molecular modelling studies. Several compounds were selected for further studies. First, their cytotoxicity, nicotinic receptors modulation, and acute toxicity (lethal dose for 50% of laboratory animals [LD50]; mice and rats) were tested to evaluate their safety with promising results. Furthermore, their blood levels were measured to select the appropriate time for prophylactic administration. Finally, the protective ratio of selected compounds against soman-induced toxicity was determined when selected compounds were found similarly potent or only slightly better to standard pyridostigmine. Conclusion: The presented small bisquaternary molecules did not show overall benefit in prophylaxis of soman-induced in vivo toxicity.

In Situ Generation of AgI Quantum Dots by the Confinement of A Supramolecular Polymer Network: A Novel Approach for Ultrasensitive Response

A novel approach for in situ generation of AgI quantum dots by the confinement of a pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular polymer network has been successfully developed. The supramolecular polymer network (SPN-QP) was constructed by using a bis-8-hydroxyquinoline-modified pillar[5]arene derivative as a host (H-QP) and a bis-pyridinium-modified decane as guest (G-PD). The SPN-QP shows ultrasensitive response for Ag+. The limit of detection is about 7.44×10?9 M..Interestingly, when I? was added to the SPN-QP+Ag+ system, an unexpected strong warm-white fluorescence emission was observed. After carefu investigation, we found that the strong warm-white fluorescence emission could be attributed to the in situ formation of AgI quantum dots under the confinement of the supramolecular polymer network (SPN-QP). Based on this approach, ultrasensitive detection of I? was realized. The limit of detection for I? is 4.40×10?9 M. This study provides a new way for the preparation of quantum dots under the confinement of supramolecular polymer network as well as ultrasensitive detection of ions by in situ formation of quantum dots.

Photoresponsive formation of pseudo[2]rotaxane with cyclodextrin derivatives

The two isomers of 6-stilbene-amide-α-CD (6-StiNH-α-CD) exhibit different inclusion behaviors upon complexation with an alkyl chain bearing pyridinium end caps. Photoisomerization of the stilbene moiety of the CD derivative affects threading due to comple

Construction and isomeric transformation of polyoxometalates directed by 1,ω-bis(pyridinium)alkane templates

Ten novel inorganic-organic hybrid polyoxometalates, namely, [1,3-bis(pyridinium) propane]2[α-Mo8O26] (1), [1,4-bis(pyridinium)butane]2[1D-Mo8O26] (2), [1,5-bis(pyridinium)pentane]2[-Mo8O26] (3), [1,6-bis(pyridinium)hexane]2[1D-Mo8O26] (4), [1,7-bis(pyridinium)heptane]2[β-Mo8O 26] (5), [1,8-bis(pyridinium)octane]2[-Mo 8O26] (6), [1,9-bis(pyridinium)nonane] 2[(α + β)-Mo8O26] (7), [1,10-bis(pyridinium)decane]2[β-Mo8O26] (8), [1,11-bis(pyridinium)undecane]2[β-Mo8O 26] (9), [1,12-bis(pyridinium)dodecane]2[γ-Mo 8O26] (10), (Scheme 1) were synthesized by cation templated self-assembly with octamolybdate anions under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Crystal data analysis revealed that these compounds were all composed of discrete organic cations and polyacid anions [Mo8O 26]4- interacting by electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. Interestingly in these compounds the anion fraction could take on α-, β-, -, γ-[Mo8O26]4- 0D isomers or rare 1D- polymeric frameworks with a simple length modification of the alkane components. Moreover, these polyacid compounds had definite catalytic activities on the oxidation reaction of acetaldehyde to acetic acid and the relationship of structure/catalytic activities were initially demonstrated.

Preparation and in vitro screening of symmetrical bispyridinium cholinesterase inhibitors bearing different connecting linkage-initial study for Myasthenia gravis implications

Reversible inhibitors (e.g., pyridostigmine bromide, neostigmine bromide) of carbamate origin are used in the early treatment of Myasthenia gravis (MG) to block acetylcholinesterase (AChE) native function and conserve efficient amount of acetylcholine for