62723-61-9

Upstream product

• 2867-47-2 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 
• 305-53-3 monosodium iodoacetate 
• 7748-25-6 potassium chloroacetate 
• 3926-62-3 sodium monochloroacetic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Well-defined biocompatible block copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine in protic media

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is commonly used to prepare biocompatible copolymers that have delivered clinically proven benefits in various biomedical applications. Recently, we reported that MPC could be homopolymerized to high conversions with good control via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in protic media. In the present study we describe the synthesis of a wide range of well-defined MPC-based block copolymers using either near-monodisperse macroinitiators or sequential monomer addition. With the former approach, the macroinitiators were based on either poly-(alkylene oxides) or poly(dimethylsiloxane). With the latter approach, suitable comonomers included a wide range of methacrylic and other monomers, including 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) and its quaternized derivatives, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA), 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and glycerol monomethacrylate. Polymerization of MPC using the three macroinitiators yielded novel PEO-MPC, PPO-MPC, and PDMS-MPC diblock copolymers. The PPO-MPC diblock copolymer proved to be thermoresponsive: molecular dissolution occurred in cold water, with colloidal aggregates being formed reversibly at elevated temperatures due to the inverse temperature solubility behavior of the PPO block. For the sequential monomer addition syntheses, the MPC monomer was generally polymerized first under optimized conditions, followed by the second monomer. High conversions were obtained for both stages of polymerization, and where applicable, aqueous GPC analyses indicated reasonably low polydispersities and good blocking efficiencies. Above pH 8, the MPC-DMA diblock copolymers also exhibited thermoresponsive behavior, forming DMA-core aggregates at elevated temperature. Spontaneous dissociation occurred on cooling to ambient temperature as the hydrophobic DMA block became hydrophilic again. The MPC-DMA, MPC-DEA, and MPC-DPA diblock copolymers proved to be pH-responsive polymeric surfactants at ambient temperature: molecular dissolution occurred in dilute acidic solution with well-defined, near-monodisperse micelles being formed at around neutral pH. In each case, the MPC block formed the biocompatible micelle coronas and the tertiary amine methacrylate block formed the hydrophobic micelle cores. In the case of the MPC-DPA diblock copolymer, the pyrene partition constant for the DPA-core micelles at pH 9 was similar to that reported previously for polystyrene-core micelles. These new MPC-based diblock copolymers are being evaluated as new nonviral vectors for DNA condensation and stealthy nanocapsules for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs and also for the synthesis of biocompatible shell cross-linked micelles.

Image Printing on the Surface of Anti-Biofouling Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes by Ion Beam Irradiation

A CMB monomer was polymerized on a glass plate with a surface-confined ATRP initiator containing a 2-bromoisobutyryl group. The glass plate modified with a PCMB brush was highly hydrophilic and showed a strong resistance against non-specific adsorption of proteins and cell adhesion. Upon ion beam irradiation, furthermore, the PCMB brush was ablated and a hollow space with a designed shape could be made to which HEK293 cells (from human embryonic kidney) and Hep G2 (from human hepatoma) cells non-specifically adhered, while no adhesion of these cells to the non-treated area on the brush was observed. The present results clearly indicate the usefulness of ion beam-printed patterns of anti-biofouling zwitterionic polymer brushes in the biomedical field. Polymer brushes of carboxymethylbetaine prepared by surface-initiated ATRP on a glass substrate show a strong resistance against non-specific adsorption of proteins. Furthermore, upon ion beam irradiation a hollow space with a designed shape can be made on the glass substrate, and both HEK293 and Hep G2 cells adhere non-specifically to the space, forming aggregates, while no adhesion is observed to the non-treated area on the brushes.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING UNSATURATED MONOMER

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an unsaturated monomer capable of improving stability of the resultant betaine monomer. SOLUTION: There is provided a method for producing an unsaturated monomer by treating an N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethylammonium-α-N-methylcarboxybetaine solution of a betaine monomer, which is obtained by heating and reacting a dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and sodium chloroacetate in a solvent, followed by filtering the precipitated sodium chloride, with an adsorbent containing an inorganic compound (for example, aluminum silicate and a hydrotalcite) to reduce the residual amount of chloride ions. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT

PARTICULATE SUSPENSIONS

The stability of a particulate suspension comprising an aqueous phase containing substantially no miscible organic solvent having suspended therein an agrochemical solid substantially insoluble in said aqueous phase is enhanced by (i) forming a polymeric stabiliser having a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety by polymerising a plurality of vinylic monomers, not being exclusively vinylic esters or their hydrolysed products, at least some of which contain functional groups capable of undergoing cross-linking reactions and (ii) reacting said polymeric stabiliser with one or more substances contained (dissolved or suspended) in the aqueous phase capable of undergoing a cross-linking reaction with said functional groups, wherein the ratio by weight of (a) the polymeric stabiliser prior to cross-linking to (b) the suspended agrochemical is less than 1 part of polymeric stabiliser per 5 parts of suspended agrochemical.