636-47-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Stallimycin
• Synonyms: Stallimycin;3-[4-[4-[4-(Formylamino)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-ylcarbonylamino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-ylcarbonylamino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-ylcarbonylamino]propanamidine;Distamycin;Distamycin-3;N-[5-[[(3-Amino-3-iminopropyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-4-[[[4-(formylamino)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl]amino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide
• CAS NO: 636-47-5
• Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₂₇N₉O₄
• Molecular Weight: 481.58
• EINECS: 229-505-6
• Mol File: 636-47-5.mol
• Article Data: 1

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 154-156°
• Boiling Point: 579.2°C (rough estimate)
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.3298 (rough estimate)
• Refractive Index: 1.6910 (estimate)
• CAS DataBase Reference: Stallimycin(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Stallimycin(636-47-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Stallimycin(636-47-5)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 636-47-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Originator

Herperal,Farmitalia,Italy,1978

Manufacturing Process

A spore suspension obtained upon washing a culture of Streptomyces distallicus is added to 3,000 ml of a sterile medium consisting of the following:Dextrose 2% Corn steep liquor extract 2% CaCO3 1% (NH4)2SO4 0.3% NaCl 0.3%Fermentation is continued at 28°C for 40 hours at a stirring rate of 150 to 250 rpm and a rate of air flow of 1 to 2 l/min/l of culture medium.300 ml of a suspension of the vegetative mycelium of this culture are used for inoculating 6,000 ml of a similar sterile culture medium. At this production stage, the culture is kept fermenting for 85 to 100 hours (pH 7.6 at 28°C) at a stirring rate of 350 to 450 rpm and a rate of air flow of 1 to 1.5 l/min/l of culture medium.To 17 l of a culture obtained by submerged fermentation as mentioned above, siliceous earth is added and the batch is filtered. The mixture of mycelium and the siliceous earth are agitated for 1 hour with 2.5 l of butanol. This treatment is repeated twice. The butanolic extracts are combined, washed with water, evaporated to dryness (about 10 g) and boiled with acetone (80 ml). The 5 g of distamycin is extracted six times with ethanol. The ethanolic extracts are combined, concentrated and filtered through a column containing 70 g of alumina. Elution is carried out with the same solvent. The effluent (central fractions) is collected and evaporated to dryness to yield 0.43 g of pure distamycin A: decomposition point, 183°C to 185°C. The product can be further purified by crystallization from aqueous n-butanol.

Therapeutic Function

Antibiotic

InChI:InChI=1/C22H27N9O4/c1-29-9-13(26-12-32)6-17(29)21(34)28-15-8-18(31(3)11-15)22(35)27-14-7-16(30(2)10-14)20(33)25-5-4-19(23)24/h6-12H,4-5H2,1-3H3,(H3,23,24)(H,25,33)(H,26,32)(H,27,35)(H,28,34)

Upstream product

• 77716-11-1 4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 

Downstream Products

• 85407-11-0 C₂₃H₂₉N₉O₄ 

Relevant articles and documents

Total synthesis of distamycin A and 2640 analogues: A solution-phase combinatorial approach to the discovery of new, bioactive DNA binding agents and development of a rapid, high-throughput screen for determining relative DNA binding affinity or DNA binding sequence selectivity

The development of a solution-phase synthesis of distamycin A and its extension to the preparation of 2640 analogues are described. Thus, solution-phase synthesis techniques with reaction workup and purification employing acid/base liquid - liquid extractions were used in the multistep preparation of distamycin A (8 steps, 40% overall yield) and a prototypical library of 2640 analogues providing intermediates and final products that are ≥95% pure on conventional reaction scales. The complementary development of a simple, rapid, and high-throughput screen for DNA binding affinity based on the loss of fluorescence derived from displacement of prebound ethidium bromide is disclosed which is applicable for assessing relative or absolute binding affinity to DNA homopolymers or specific sequences (hairpin oligonucleotides). Using hairpin oligonucleotides, this method permits the screening of a library of compounds against a single predefined sequence to identify high affinity binders, or the screening of a single compound against a full library of individual hairpin oligionucleotides to define its sequence selectivity. The combination permits the establishment of the complete DNA binding profile of each member of a library of compounds. Screening the prototypical library provided compounds that are 1000 times more potent than distamycin A in cytotoxic assays (67, IC50 = 29 nM, L1210), that bind to poly[dA]-poly[dT] with comparable affinity, and that exhibit an altered DNA binding sequence selectivity. Several candidates were identified which bound the five-base-pair AT-rich site of the PSA-ARE-3 sequence, and one (128, K = 3.2 x 106 M-1) maintained the high affinity binding (K = 4.5 x 106 M-1) to the ARE-consensus sequence containing a GC base-pair interrupted five-base-pair AT-rich site suitable for inhibition of gene transcription initiated by hormone insensitive androgen receptor dimerization and DNA binding characteristic of therapeutic resistant prostate cancer.