65486-43-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Oxidations of N-(3-indoleethyl) cyclic aliphatic amines by horseradish peroxidase: The indole ring binds to the enzyme and mediates electron-transfer amine oxidation
Ling, Ke-Qing,Li, Wen-Shan,Sayre, Lawrence M.
, p. 933 - 944 (2008/09/20)
Although oxidations of aromatic amines by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are well-known, typical aliphatic amines are not substrates of HRP. In this study, the reactions of N-benzyl and N-methyl cyclic amines with HRP were found to be slow, but reactions of N-(3-indoleethyl) cyclic amines were 2-3 orders of magnitude faster. Analyses of pH-rate profiles revealed a dominant contribution to reaction by the amine-free base forms, the only species found to bind to the enzyme. A metabolic study on a family of congeneric N-(3-indoleethyl) cyclic amines indicated competition between amine and indole oxidation pathways. Amine oxidation dominated for the seven- and eight-membered azacycles, where ring size supports the change in hybridization from sp3 to sp2 that occurs upon one-electron amine nitrogen oxidation, whereas only indole oxidation was observed for the six-membered ring congener. Optical difference spectroscopic binding data and computational docking simulations suggest that all the arylalkylamine substrates bind to the enzyme through their aromatic termini with similar binding modes and binding affinities. Kinetic saturation was observed for a particularly soluble substrate, consistent with an obligatory role of an enzyme-substrate complexation preceding electron transfer. The significant rate enhancements seen for the indoleethylamine substrates suggest the ability of the bound indole ring to mediate what amounts to medium long-range electron-transfer oxidation of the tertiary amine center by the HRP oxidants. This is the first systematic investigation to document aliphatic amine oxidation by HRP at rates consistent with normal metabolic turnover, and the demonstration that this is facilitated by an auxiliary electron-rich aromatic ring.
Synthesis of medium and large cyclic amines in rhodium-catalysed reactions of aminoalkenes with H2/CO1
Bergmann, David J.,Campi, Eva M.,Roy Jackson,Patti, Antonio F.,Saylik, Dilek
, p. 835 - 844 (2007/10/03)
Rhodium-catalysed reactions of N-benzyl- or N-alkyl-aminoalkenes (6) with H2/CO can give cyclic amines (7) (7-13 ring size) in good to excellent yields when BIPHEPHOS is used as a ligand. Hydrogenation of the aminoalkene becomes a competing reaction for the smaller rings but can be overcome by using a H2/CO gas ratio of 1:5. Reactions of 2-alkenyloxybenzylamines (13) gave 9-, 12- and 17-membered rings (14) in 30-40% yield, but dimer formation (16) and/or hydrogenation were competing reactions. Similar reactions of alkenylamides and ortho-alkenylanilines gave only non-cyclized amino aldehydes as products in low isolated yields.
A direct route to medium and large cyclic amines from aminoalkenes
Bergmann, David J.,Campi, Eva M.,Jackson, W. Roy,Patti, Antonio F.,Saylik, Dilek
, p. 5597 - 5600 (2007/10/03)
Rhodium-catalysed reactions of aminoalkenes with H2/CO give cyclic amines with a range of medium and large ring sizes in yields up to 85%. High regioselectivity for non-branched products can be obtained when BIPHEPHOS is used as a ligand in the
