6649-80-5

Usage

Properties

Naturally occurring indole alkaloid
Found in plants such as Peganum harmala and Acacia rigidula
Potential psychoactive and pharmacological effects
Role as a neurotransmitter modulator
Potential as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders
Affinity for serotonin and dopamine receptors
Potential role in addiction, mood disorders, and cognition
Studied for its potential anticancer and antioxidant properties

Specific content

1H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 1-cyclohexyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-
Also known as tetrahydroharmane

Upstream product

• 343-94-2 tryptamine hydochloride 
• 2043-61-0 cyclohexanecarbaldehyde 
• 61-54-1 tryptamine 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 110-83-8 cyclohexene 
• 5956-86-5 tryptamine-2-carboxylic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of crystalline tetrahydro-beta-carboline

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a tetrahydro-beta-carboline compound, which comprises a step of preparing a tetrahydro-beta-caboline compound by reacting a tryptamine compound and an aldehyde in an aqueous solution using a reaction accelerator containing a divalent acid. Accordingly, the method for preparing a tetrahydro-beta-carboline compound according to the present invention is an eco-friendly synthetic method that does not use an explosive organic solvent, but uses water as a solvent and tartaric acid which is a natural product as a reaction accelerator, thereby causing no environmental pollution; and requiring no separation process in addition to a simple filtering process since final products are crystals. Therefore, the method for preparing a tetrahydro-beta-carboline compound can be carried out in an industrially very simple and suitable process.

Organic base-promoted efficient dehydrogenative/decarboxylative aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carbolines into β-carbolines under air

Organic base DBN has been identified as an efficient reagent for promoting the dehydrogenative/decarboxylative aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carbolines under air atmosphere, to access the corresponding β-carbolines in moderate to good yields. The utility of this protocol for the gram-scale synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids eudistomin U (7) and harmane (10) has also been demonstrated.

Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles by Superoxide Ion Generated through Single-Electron Transfer

Nitrogen-containing heteroarene motifs are found in numerous pharmaceuticals, natural products, and synthetic materials. Although several elegant methods for synthesis of these compounds through dehydrogenation of the corresponding saturated heterocycles have been reported, some of the methods are hampered by long reaction times, harsh conditions, and the need for catalysts that are not readily available. This work reports a novel method for dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles. Specifically, O2.? generated in situ acts as the oxidant for N-heterocycle substrates that are susceptible to oxidation through a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. This method provides a general, green route to N-heteroarenes.

Phytochemical meanings of tetrahydro-β-carboline moiety in strictosidine derivatives

Synthesis of 13 different tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THBC) was accomplished by applying the Pictet-Spengler reaction with seven aldehydes, which have been coupled with tryptamine (6) and l-tryptophan methyl ester (7), respectively. The resulting products represent analogues of strictosidine (1) and carboxystrictosidine (5). They were investigated with respect to possible effects on herbivores in feeding bioassays upon the generalist Spodoptera littoralis. Maximum inhibition averages were 42% after four and 46% after six days for the most effective product (19) at 1000 ppm. Additionally, the frass of this particular bioassay was investigated via HPLC-UV for THBC digestion. All synthesized THBCs were also tested for their radical scavenger activity by monitoring their interaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Compounds 16-20, 24 and 25 exhibited radical scavenging activity, ranging from 50% to 74% compared to that of α-tocopherol. All results were discussed with respect to possible contributions of tetrahydro-β-carboline moieties in bioactivities of strictosidine (1) and its biodegradation products.

Simple and efficient synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines via the Pictet-Spengler reaction in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) can act as both the solvent and the catalyst to promote the Pictet-Spengler reactions between tryptamine derivatives and aldehydes or activated ketones. For most substrates, removing the low boiling point HFIP by distillation directly afforded tetrahydro-β-carbolines in high yields.

A facile and efficient synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines

This Letter describes a convenient, efficient, and clean synthesis of various tetrahydro-β-carbolines catalyzed by propane phosphonic acid anhydride T3P under microwave irradiation.

Biocatalytic asymmetric formation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines

Strictosidine synthase triggers the formation of strictosidine from tryptamine and secologanin, thereby generating a carbon-carbon bond and a new stereogenic center. Strictosidine contains a tetrahydro-β-carboline moiety - an important N-heterocyclic framework found in a range of natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. Stereoselective methods to produce tetrahydro-β-carboline enantiomers are greatly valued. We report that strictosidine synthase from Ophiorrhiza pumila utilizes a range of simple achiral aldehydes and substituted tryptamines to form highly enantioenriched (ee >98%) tetrahydro-β-carbolines via a Pictet-Spengler reaction. This is the first example of aldehyde substrate promiscuity in the strictosidine synthase family of enzymes and represents a first step toward developing a general biocatalytic strategy to access chiral tetrahydro-β-carbolines.

Syntheses of tetrahydro-β-carbolines via a tandem hydroformylation- Pictet-Spengler reaction. Scope and limitations

A novel one-pot synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carboline systems via tandem hydroformylation-Pictet-Spengler reaction starting from olefins and aryl ethylamines is described. This tandem procedure allows fast and convenient synthesis of various substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines. The 2008 Royal Society of Chemistry.

Highly efficient Lewis acid-catalysed Pictet-Spengler reactions discovered by parallel screening

High yielding Lewis acid-catalysed one-pot Pictet-Spengler reactions of tryptophan methyl ester and tryptamine with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes were achieved in short reaction times with the aid of microwave irradiation.

Carboxyl-mediated Pictet-Spengler reaction. Direct synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro β-carbolines from tryptamine-2-carboxylic acids

The Pictet-Spengler condensation of various tryptamine-2-carboxylic acids 1 with carbonyl compounds in benzene/dioxane/trifiuoroacetic acid (Table) with simultaneous loss of carbon dioxide, afforded directly the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro β-carbolin