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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

TFAA/DMSO-Promoted Fluorination of P(O)?H and P(O)?OH Compounds: Compatible Access to Fluorophosphonates and Phosphonofluoridates

A TFAA/DMSO/NaF-based system for the efficient fluorination of P(O)?H and P(O)?OH compounds has been developed. Without adding highly toxic and expensive fluorination reagents, this novel transformation provides direct and compatible access to a variety o

Preparation method of phosphoryl fluoride compound

The invention discloses a preparation method of a phosphoryl fluoride compound. The invention uses the phosphorus reagent under the protection of inert gas. Sodium fluoride is used as a starting raw material, and trifluoroacetic anhydride and dimethyl sul

Towards catch-up therapy: evaluation of nucleophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of percutaneous VX poisoning, in-vial and in-vitro studies

Dermal exposure to low volatility organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OP CWA) poses a great risk to the exposed person. Due to their lipophilic nature, these compounds rapidly absorb into the skin, leading to the formation of a “dermal reservoir” from which they slowly enter the bloodstream causing prolonged intoxication. Traditionally, strategies to counter the toxicity of such substances consist of chemical decontamination/physical removal of the residual agent from the skin surface (preferably as soon as possible following the exposure) and administration of antidotes in the case of intoxication signs. Hence, these strategies are unable to counter a substantial amount of the agent, which accumulates inthe dermal reservoir. More than a decade ago, the concept of a “catch-up therapy” intended to neutralize the dermal reservoir was suggested. Herein, we describe examples of potential “catch-up therapy” lotions - vehicles designed to deliver small nucleophilic molecules into the skin and potentially decompose the remaining CWA before it reaches the blood stream. Eleven nucleophilic compounds, based on approved drugs, were initially screened. They were then tested in various binary solutions, for their detoxification efficacy and degradation ability towards lipophilic OP CWA models such as dibutylphosphofluoridate and o-nitro-phenyl diphenyl phosphate, as well as the nerve agent VX, by means of kinetic 31P NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Of these, the potassium and diethyl ammonium salts of acetohydroxamic acid (AHAK and AHA DEA) in (DMSO/H2O 1:4) were found to be the most active nucleophiles, hydrolyzing VX in practical time scales (t1/2 = 5.28 and 6.78 min, respectively). The vehicle solution DMSO/H2O 1:4 promoted the penetration of substantial amounts of AHA K and AHA DEA through excised pig skin in in-vitro studies, suggesting that such formulations may serve as useful CWA nucleophilic scavengers for both on and within -skin detoxification. These findings may pave the way to a more efficacious treatment against low volatility OP CWA percutaneous poisoning.

A single-step one pot synthesis of dialkyl fluorophosphates from dialkylphosphites

An efficient synthetic method has been developed to obtain dialkyl fluorophosphates from dialkylphosphites using inorganic reagent (CuCl2 and CsF) at room temperature.

A new microscale method for the conversion of phosphorus oxyacids to their fluorinated analogues, using cyanuric fluoride in solution and on solid support

Cyanuric fluoride, in solution or loaded onto a Wang resin, is successfully used as a fluorinating agent for phosphorus oxy acids. The reaction is very efficient with high yields and easy workup procedures, thereby in general generating products in quantitative yields. The cyanuric fluoride is proven suitable for micromolar scale synthesis of analytical standards, particularly in its resin-bound form. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Dichlorodimethylhydantoin-KF as an efficient reagent for one pot synthesis of dialkylfluorophosphates from dialkylphosphites

Organic-inorganic hybrid reagent dichlorodimethylhydantoin-KF (DCDMH-KF) mixture was explored as an efficient reagent for the direct conversion of dialkylphosphites to their corresponding dialkylfluorophosphates at room temperature and in shorter reaction times through a facile electrophilic-nucleophilic metathesis.

Single step fluorination of dialkylphosphites: trichloroacetonitrile-KF as an efficient reagent for the synthesis of dialkyl fluorophosphates

The use of trichloroacetonitrile and KF mixture is described as an efficient reagent for the direct conversion of dialkylphosphites to their corresponding dialkyl fluorophosphates via in situ formation of dialkyl chlorophosphates in one-pot.

Trichloroisocyanuric acid-KF as an efficient reagent for one-pot synthesis of dialkylfluorophosphates from dialkylphosphites

Trichloroisocyanuric acid-KF afforded dialkylfluorophosphates from dialkylphosphites at room temperature through a facile electrophilic- nucleophilic metathesis. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

α-haloenamines as reagents for the conversion of phosphorus oxyacids to their halogenated analogues

Phosphorus oxyacids are converted to their halogenated analogues under mild conditions. α-Haloenamines are shown to be effective halogen transfer reagents affording good to high yields of the desired products at reaction times, in some cases, less than one minute. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.