68049-71-8Relevant articles and documents
Discovery and development of a commercial synthesis of azafenidin
Shapiro, Rafael,DiCosimo, Robert,Hennessey, Susan M.,Stieglitz, Barry,Campopiano, Onorato,Chiang, George C.
, p. 593 - 598 (2013/09/07)
A commercial synthesis of the DuPont herbicide azafenidin is described. Discovery of a novel synthesis of the triazolinone ring system and a practical, environmentally benign process to 5-cyanovaleramide were critical breakthroughs in enabling azafenidin to be manufactured at an acceptable cost. The process began with the selective hydrolysis of DuPont's nylon intermediate, adiponitrile, to 5-cyanovaleramide. This was converted via Hofmann rearrangement and Pinner-type cyclization to afford the key amidine carboxylate intermediate containing both carbon atoms of the triazolinone ring. The preservation of all six carbon atoms of adiponitrile set up a 2 + 3 cyclocondensation with arylhydrazines, which replaced a costly 4 + 1 cyclocondensation of an amidrazone with phosgene or a phosgene surrogate used in the original route. This new triazolinone process was optimized to afford the commercial product in a highly efficient and economical fashion.
Herbicidal substituted bicyclic triazoles
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, (2008/06/13)
Substituted bicyclic triazole compounds essentially as shown in Formula I, agricultural compositions containing them, and the method of use of these compounds as herbicides for the control of undesired vegetation in crops STR1