693-61-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Integrated extraction and catalytic upgrading of microalgae lipids in supercritical carbon dioxide
Zimmerer, Julia,Pingen, Dennis,Hess, Sandra K.,Koengeter, Tobias,Mecking, Stefan
supporting information, p. 2428 - 2435 (2019/05/21)
Fatty acids from microalgae are attractive compounds for catalytic upgrading to chemicals, but their extraction often requires multi-step procedures and the use of various organic solvents. To relieve this bottleneck, we propose a straightforward approach of combined extraction and catalytic functionalization via olefin cross-metathesis (ethenolysis and butenolysis) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). This is demonstrated for Phaeodactylum tricornutum microalgae biomass. ScCO2 at optimum conditions (90 °C, 620 atm, ρ(CO2) = 0.90 g mL-1) extracted the lipids selectively and quantitatively from previously disrupted cells, while organic solvent extraction for comparison additionally extracted polar diacylglycerides and chlorophylls. In a one-pot approach, olefin cross-metathesis of the unsaturated fatty acids (FA16:1, FA18:1 and FA20:5) by alkenolysis yielded the desirable mid-chain olefin and unsaturated ester products. The product spectrum compares to alkenolysis of individual model compounds in scCO2 as well as of separately scCO2 extracted microalgae oil. Both these ethenolysis and butenolysis proceed with conversions of more than 81% and high selectivities to the desired products. This biorefinery approach was further illustrated by the simultaneous extraction and catalytic isomerizing alkoxycarbonylation in scCO2.
Hydroindation of allenes and its application to radical cyclization
Hayashi, Naoki,Hirokawa, Yusuke,Shibata, Ikuya,Yasuda, Makoto,Baba, Akio
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1949 - 1954 (2009/01/31)
Hydroindation of allenes and radical cyclization of 1,2,7-trienes (allenenes) were accomplished by HInCl2 with high regioselectivity to afford a variety of cyclic compounds. The resulting vinylic indiums could be used for successive coupling reactions in a one-pot procedure. The use of HInCl2 generated slowly in situ is extremely effective for the radical cyclization. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
SYNTHESIS OF TERMINAL ALKENES FROM INTERNAL ALKENES VIA OLEFIN METATHESIS
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Page/Page column 41-42; 47-48, (2008/06/13)
This disclosure relates generally to olefin metathesis, and more particularly relates to the synthesis of terminal alkenes from internal alkenes using a cross-metathesis reaction catalyzed by an olefin metathesis catalyst. According to one aspect, for example, a method is provided for synthesizing a terminal olefin, the method comprising contacting, in the presence of a ruthenium alkylidene metathesis catalyst, an olefinic substrate comprised of at least one internal olefin with a cross metathesis partner comprised of an alpha olefinic reactant, under reaction conditions effective to allow cross-metathesis to occur, wherein the reaction conditions include a reaction temperature of at least 35 °C. The methods, compositions, reactions and reaction systems herein disclosed have utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial chemistry.
METHODS OF MAKING MONOUNSATURATED FUNCTIONALIZED ALKENE COMPOUNDS BY METATHESIS
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Page/Page column 32, (2008/12/05)
Described is a method of chemically modifying a starting composition comprising polyunsaturated alkene compounds in order to convert at least a portion of the polyunsaturated alkene compounds into functionalized monounsaturated alkene compounds. The separated monounsaturated alkene compounds may be useful, for example, as a starting material in the synthesis of organic chemicals such as diacids, diesters, and the like.
REDUCTION DE DERIVES D'ALCOOLS PROPARGYLIQUES CATALYSEE PAR UN COMPLEXE DE PALLADIUM ZEROVALENT
Colas, Yann,Cazes, Bernard,Gore, Jacques
, p. 165 - 173 (2007/10/02)
Catalysis by tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium of the reaction of hydride donnors with secondary propargylic bromides, mesylates and phosphates increases markedly the amount of allene produced.The best results in that direction are obtained with mesylates and phosphates by using lithium triethylborohydride.The reaction then occurs with an ANTI introduction of the hydride with respect to the leaving group.A mechanism is proposed which explains the influence of the various parameters of the reaction.
Palladium-catalysed Preparation of 1,2-Dienes by Selective Hydrogenolysis of Alk-2-ynyl Cabonates with Ammonium Formate
Tsuji, Jiro,Sugiura, Teruo,Yuhara, Masami,Minami, Ichiro
, p. 922 - 924 (2007/10/02)
1,2-Dienes were prepared by the selective hydrogenolysis of alk-2-ynyl carbonates with HCO2NH4 catalysed by Pd2(dba)3*CHCl3-P(n-Bu)3 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone).
RuCl2(PPh3)3/HCOOH/Et3N AS A NEW HYDROGEN SOURCE. SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS CATALYSED BY Pd ON CARBON
Khai, Bui The,Arcelli, Antonio
, p. C63 - C66 (2007/10/02)
Pd on carbon increases the reactivity of the system RuCl2(PPh3)3/HCOOH/Et3N and induces selective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds which is faster than that of olefins or haloaromatic derivatives.Other potentially reducible groups do not react.
Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylation of Acyl Cyanides
Murahashi, Shun-Ichi,Naota, Takeshi,Nakajima, Nobuyuki
, p. 898 - 901 (2007/10/02)
The palladium-catalyzed decarbonylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic acyl cyanides 1 gives the corresponding nitriles 2 in excellent yields.Alkylacyl cyanides can be converted into the corresponding alkenes via decarbonylation followed by β-elimination of hydrogen cyanide.Because of easy preparation of acyl cyanides by the oxidation of cyanohydrins, the present decarbonylation reaction provides an efficient method for the preparation of nitriles from aldehydes under mild and neutral conditions.The catalytic decarbonylation involves the following processes; oxidative addition of acyl cyanides 1 to Pd(PPh3)4 to give acylpalladium complexes 13, acyl-aryl rearrangement, reductive elimination.When an acyl cyanide has a β-hydrogen, the intermediate cyanoalkylcarbonylpalladium (15) undergoes β-elimination to give alkenes.
Organic synthesis with sulfones no. XXXV. Iron catalysed condensation and hydrogenolysis of vinylic sulfones with Grignard reagents. A stereoselective synthesis of di- and trisubstituted olefins
Fabre, Jean-Luc,Julia, Marc,Verpeaux, Jean-Noel
, p. 772 - 778 (2007/10/02)
Vinylic sulfones are readily available in the E or Z configuration.Condensation with primary Grignard reagents occurs stereospecifically in the presence of iron catalysts, leading to trisubstituted olefins.With secondary Grignards stereospecific hydrogenolysis to 1,2-disubstituted olefins is observed.
