69489-37-8

Usage

Uses

Primarily used as an anticonvulsant medication for treating seizures in epilepsy patients. Also used for treating certain types of irregular heartbeats.

Mechanism of Action

Stabilizes the electrical activity in the brain to prevent seizures.

Available Forms

Tablets, extended-release capsules, and injectable solutions.

Important Considerations

Should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to potential serious side effects and interactions with other drugs.

Upstream product

• 104-87-0 4-methyl-benzaldehyde 
• 151-50-8 potassium cyanide 
• 506-87-6 ammonium carbonate 
• 16208-14-3 2,2-dihydroxy-1-(p-tolyl)ethanone 
• 57-13-6 urea 
• 143-33-9 sodium cyanide 

Downstream Products

• 13227-01-5 2-amino-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

MACROMOLECULAR COMPOSITIONS FOR BINDING SMALL MOLECULES

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a macromolecular composition comprising phenylglyoxaldehyde-derivatives. The invention also relates to the macromolecular compositions per se, and to methods of using the macromolecular compositions. The macromolecular compositions are useful for undergoing subsequent reactions with small molecules, for instance to remove such small molecules from a solution.

A one-pot synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hydantoin derivatives using magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst

A facile and rapid method for the one-pot synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins in the presence of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles has been developed. The multicomponent reactions of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate were carried out under solvent-free conditions to obtain various hydantoin derivatives. The magnetic catalyst could be readily separated by an external magnet from the reaction mixture. This procedure has many advantages, such as the use of a reusable magnetic catalyst, high yields, short reaction times, simplicity and very easiness with implementing the methodology.

Microwave-promoted facile and rapid synthesis procedure for the efficient synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins

A fast, general, environmentally friendly, and facile method for preparation of 5, 5-disubstituted hydantoins from the reaction between ketone (or aldehyde) derivatives with KCN and ammonium carbonate under microwave irradiation is presented. The microwaves remarkably accelerated this reaction, the reaction times decreased dramatically, the reaction conditions were milder, and the yields were also greater. Also a comparative study of microwave versus classical conditions has been done. All the products were characterized by infrared, NMR, and CHN analysis, and their melting points are identical to those of the known compounds reported in the literature. This method might be useful in the future for the preparation of similar derivatives. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of 5-substituted and 5,5-disubsntuted hydantoins

Sonication of a mixture of industrial grade sodium cyanide (aqueous solution) and ammonium carbonate in aqueous alcohol with aldehydes or ketones affords the 5-substituted or 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins in 30-92percent yield.

Production of ring-substituted D-phenylglycines by microbial or enzymatic hydrolysis/deracemisation of the corresponding DL-hydantoins

A series of 17 ring-mono and -disubstituted D-phenylglycine derivatives was prepared in high enantiomeric purity by enzymatic hydrolysis and deracemisation of the corresponding DL-hydantoins, using D-hydantoinase activities of microorganisms or purified enzymes, followed by diazotation of the resulting N-carbamyl-D-amino acids. No significant L-hydantoinase activity was found to produce the corresponding L-enantiomers.