7003-68-1

Usage

Synonym

Phenylpiracetam

Type

Synthetic nootropic compound

Prototype drug

Piracetam

Structural difference from Piracetam

Added phenyl group

Benefit of structural difference

Easier to cross the blood-brain barrier, faster and more potent effects

Mechanism of action

Increases levels of neurotransmitters in the brain (e.g. dopamine, acetylcholine)

Neurotransmitters involved

Memory and cognitive function

Potential use

Treating cognitive decline and various neurological disorders

Off-label use

Performance-enhancing supplement.

Upstream product

• 616-45-5 2-pyrrolidinon 
• 103-71-9 phenyl isocyanate 
• 14468-90-7 N-trimethylsilyl-pyrrolidin-2-one 
• 55573-04-1 2-oxo-1-phenylcarbamoyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 
• 139926-34-4 1-(phenylcarbamoyl)-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 
• 5626-53-9 pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Iron(II)-catalyzed oxidation of sp3 C-H bonds adjacent to a nitrogen atom of unprotected arylureas with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in water

With a FeSO4/TBHP system in water, direct oxidation of sp 3 C-H bonds adjacent to nitrogen of arylureas to give both unprecedented tert-butoxylated and hydroxylated products 2 was revealed. Under elevated temperatures, either 2-oxo-N-arylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamides 3 or 1,3-diarylureas 4 were attained, depending on the aliphatic ring size of the arylurea substrates.

Studies on pyrrolidinones. On the carbamoylation of some pyroglutamic derivatives

The carbamoylation of some lactams derivatived from pyroglutamic acid has been studied; better yields were obtained starting from the unsubstitued lactam (toluene, 80°) rather than starting with the N-silyllactam (room temperature), although these latter reaction conditions could be interesting for heat sensitive compounds. Methyl and phenyl isothiocyanate react only with the sodium salt of methyl pyroglutumate, giving 1,5-diaddition products.

Synthesis, decarboxylation, and nitrosation of 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidone-3-carboxylic acids: A convenient novel entry to 2,3-dioxopyrrolidine derivatives

Esters 1 of 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidone-3-carboxylic acids 2 were hydrolized to 2 with acetic acid/HCl at 60-70°C. Reaction of 1a with formic acid/HCl at 60-75°C led to (not isolated) 2a which began to decarboxylate to 3a during the conversion of 1a to 2a even a

Oxidation of N-Acyl-Pyrrolidines and -Piperidines with Iron(II)-Hydrogen Peroxide and an Iron Complex-Molecular Oxygen

The reactions of N-acyl-pyrrolidines (1a-c) and -piperidines (1d-f) with Fe(II)-hydrogen peroxide in aqueous 95percent acetonitrile gave the corresponding pyrrolidin-2-ones (2a-c) and piperidin-2-ones (2d-f).The lactams (2a-f) were also the products in the oxidation of (1a-f) with molecular oxygen in the presence of an iron complex, either or , in aqueous 90percent pyridine.