70770-05-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Continuous-Flow Multistep Synthesis of Cinnarizine, Cyclizine, and a Buclizine Derivative from Bulk Alcohols
Borukhova, Svetlana,Nol, Timothy,Hessel, Volker
, p. 67 - 74 (2016/01/16)
Cinnarizine, cyclizine, buclizine, and meclizine belong to a family of antihistamines that resemble each other in terms of a 1-diphenylmethylpiperazine moiety. We present the development of a four-step continuous process to generate the final antihistamines from bulk alcohols as the starting compounds. HCl is used to synthesize the intermediate chlorides in a short reaction time and excellent yields. This methodology offers an excellent way to synthesize intermediates to be used in drug synthesis. Inline separation allows the collection of pure products and their immediate consumption in the following steps. Overall isolated yields for cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative are 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1. The incredible bulk: Bulk alcohols are converted continuously into chlorides using HCl in a microflow. A reaction network that consists of four steps and two inline separations leads to the continuous preparation of cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative with yields of 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1.
Dehydration of benzyl alcohols in phosphonium ionic liquids: Synthesis of ethers and alkenes
Kalviri, Hassan A.,Kerton, Francesca M.
experimental part, p. 3178 - 3186 (2012/01/03)
The dehydration of benzylic alcohols has been studied in several phosphonium ionic liquids in the absence of any metal catalysts. Benzyl ethers and alkenes were obtained from primary and secondary benzylic alcohols in good to excellent yields for these reactions. Commercially available hydrophobic phosphonium ionic liquids containing the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation paired with six different anions were used for the reactions under microwave irradiation. The interaction of the substrate with the ionic liquid was investigated using different NMR techniques, such as NOESY NMR. The effects of cation and anions on the behaviour of these ionic liquids in the reactions were studied in order to understand the mechanism. A catalytic cycle is proposed involving activation of the benzyl alcohol by the phosphonium cation. Copyright
The reductive etherification of carbonyl compounds using polymethylhydrosiloxane activated by molecular iodine
Yadav,Subba Reddy,Shiva Shankar,Swamy
experimental part, p. 46 - 48 (2010/03/24)
Aldehydes and ketones undergo a smooth reductive etherification by polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) in the presence of a catalytic amount of molecular iodine under mild conditions to afford the corresponding symmetrical ethers in excellent yields. This new reagent system (PMHS/I2) provides a simple and convenient route for the preparation of symmetrical ethers from carbonyl compounds.
High-efficiency conversion of trimethylsilyl ethers to their corresponding ethers using carbon-based solid acid as a new catalyst in heterogeneous mixtures
Shokrollahi, Arash,Zali, Abbas,Pouretedal, Hamid Reza
, p. 371 - 375 (2008/04/01)
Carbon-based solid acid was used as a new catalyst for conversion of trimethylsilyl ethers to their corresponding ethers in heterogeneous mixtures. The experiments were done moderately at room temperature, and high yields in suitable times were obtained under these conditions. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
CaS2O8: An efficient reagent for etherification of alcohols under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions
Badri, Rashid,Kiasat, Ali Reza,Nazari, Simin
, p. 589 - 593 (2007/10/03)
A new facile and efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of ethers by the reaction of alcohols with calcium peroxodisulfate under microwave irradiation is described. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Silica Sulfuric Acid: An Efficient Catalyst for the Direct Conversion of Primary and Secondary Trimethylsilyl Ethers to their Corresponding Ethers under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions
Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali,Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Mirjalili, Bibi Fatemeh,Bamoniri, Abdolhamid
, p. 1877 - 1879 (2007/10/03)
Primary and secondary trimethylsilyl ethers were converted to their corresponding ethers in the presence silica sulfuric acid with good to excellent yields under mild and heterogeneous conditions.
The use of Nafion-H as an efficient catalyst for the direct conversion of primary and secondary trimethylsilyl ethers to their corresponding ethers under mild and heterogeneous conditions
Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali,Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj,Habibi, Davood,Mirjalili, BiBi Fatemeh,Bamoniri, Abdolhamid
, p. 8165 - 8167 (2007/10/03)
Primary and secondary trimethylsilyl ethers were converted to their corresponding ethers in the presence Nafion-H with good to excellent yields under mild and heterogeneous conditions.
