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• 100-51-6 benzyl alcohol 
• 626-05-1 2,6-Dibromopyridine 
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• 98-88-4 benzoyl chloride 
• 74305-33-2 N,N′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)dibenzamide 

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• 141-86-6 2.6-diaminopyridine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Nickel?Copper bimetallic mesoporous nanoparticles: As an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for N-alkylation of amines with alcohols

A bimetallic catalyst (Ni/Cu-MCM-41) is prepared via co-condensation method. The latter is characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. Catalytic performance of Ni/Cu-MCM-41 is probed in N-alkylation of amines with alcohols through a hydrogen autotransfer process. Noteworthy, this catalytic system appears very efficient for synthesis of a range of secondary and tertiary amines in good to excellent isolated yields. Moreover, the catalyst is successfully recovered and reused four times without notable decrease in its activity.

Ruthenium(II) complexes containing phosphino hydrazone/thiosemicarbazone ligand: An efficient catalyst for regioselective N-alkylation of amine via borrowing hydrogen methodology

In the aspect of more effective ruthenium based catalyst design, three new ruthenium(II) phosphino-hydrazone/thiosemicarbazone complexes (1–3) have been synthesized by the reactions of cis-[RuCl2(dmso)4] or [RuHCl(CO)(AsPh3)3] with deprotonated 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid hydrazone (PNO-Thy) or 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (PNS-Ph). The structures of the complexes (2 and 3) were established by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods including elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR (1H, 13C & 31P). Single crystal XRD upshots of complexes (2 and 3) revealed a distorted octahedral geometry around the ruthenium ion with hydrazone/thiosemicarbazone acts as a monoanionic tridentate PNO/PNS donor fashion. The catalytic study of complexes 1–3 towards regioselective N-alkylation reactions of amines was completed, showing that all catalysts are active toward catalytic transformations. Notably, complex 3 was found to be very efficient catalysts toward N-alkylation of a wide range of heterocyclic amines with alcohols. This catalysis provides a clean, convenient and practical route for the direct N-alkyl amine synthesis.

Prolinamides of Aminouracils, Organocatalyst Modifiable by Complementary Modules

We report the synthesis and evaluation of prolinamide organocatalysts that incorporate aminouracils. The features of these catalysts are enhanced NH acidity of the amide because of the electron-withdrawing nature of the heterocycle, an additional hydrogen-bond donor at the α or β positions of this functional group (using 6-aminouracil or 5,6-diaminouracil respectively), and it can be recovered due to its low solubility and used again without decreasing the enantioselectivity. A unique feature of these systems is the self-assembly capability with complementary modules by Watson–Crick interactions. These supramolecular adducts behave differently from the catalyst alone, some of them have lower performance but others improve the selectivity of the product. Therefore, this approach avoids the synthesis of many catalysts.

Synthesis of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with phosphine-functionalized thiosemicarbazones: An efficient catalyst for regioselective N-alkylation reactions

Three new heteroleptic copper(I) complexes [Cu(PPh3)(PNS-H)] (1) (PNS-H?=?2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene) thiosemicarbazone), [Cu(PPh3)(PNS-Me)] (2) (PNS-Me?=?2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) and [Cu(PPh3)(PNS-Et)] (3) (PNS-Et?=?2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) have been synthesized and characterized by various spectral and analytical technique. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of complexes 2 and 3 confirmed the formation of complexes with Cu(I) ion, coordinated through P,N,S-donor atoms from the phosphino-thiosemicarbazone ligands. All the copper(I) complexes have been demonstrated as highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of N-alkylated heterocyclic amine by the coupling of primary amines with alcohols at low catalyst loading, and the maximum yield was obtained up to 99%. The N-alkylation reactions were readily carried out under moderate conditions, and release of water was the only by-product. In addition, the effects of substituent's on the ligand, solvents, base and catalyst loading on the catalytic activity of the complexes have also been investigated. Advantageously, only one equivalent of the alcohol was consumed in the process.

An Efficient Homogenized Ruthenium(II) Pincer Complex for N-Monoalkylation of Amines with Alcohols

An ionic 2,6-bis(imidazo[1,2-α]pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-based N^N^N pincer ruthenium(II) complex exhibited high efficiency in the C–N bond formation between amines and alcohols by the “borrowing hydrogen” (BH) or “hydrogen autotransfer” (HA) concept. The synthetic protocol selectively generated monoalkylated amines without formation of tertiary amines during the reaction. The unique selectivity enabled the formation of symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted diamines. This methodology features several advantages including a low catalyst loading (as low as 0.5 mol-%), a short reaction time (as short as 2 h), and excellent N-monoalkylation selectivity.

An Efficient and Selective Nickel-Catalyzed Direct N-Alkylation of Anilines with Alcohols

Herein, we developed an efficient and selective nickel-catalyzed monoalkylation of various primary alcohols with aryl and heteroaryl amines together with diols and amino alcohol derivatives. Notably, the catalytic protocol consisting of an earth-abundant and non-precious NiBr2/L1 system enables the transformations in the presence of hydroxyl, alkene, nitrile, and nitro functionalities. As a highlight, we have demonstrated the alkylation of diamine, intramolecular cyclization to N-heterocycles, and functionalization of complex vitamin E, an (±)-α-tocopherol derivative. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the participation of a benzylic C-H bond in the rate-determining step.

Hemilabile N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-nitrogen-phosphine mediated Ru (II)-catalyzed N-alkylation of aromatic amine with alcohol efficiently

Based on the hemilability, a novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-nitrogen-phosphine ligand (1) was synthesized, and the combination of it with [Ru(COD)Cl2]n showed the high activity and selectivity with a low Ru loading of 0.1% for the N-alkylation of amine with alcohol. Especially, for these substrates with pyridine backbone, even if the catalyst loading was as low as 0.01%, good yields (81–95%) of the desired products were achieved.

Ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes designed with arsine and PNO/PNS ligands as catalysts for N-alkylation of amines via hydrogen autotransfer process

A series of phosphine-functionalized hydrazone/thiosemicarbazone ligands and their corresponding ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes of the type [RuCl(CO)(AsPh3)(L)] (1-5) [L = 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)benzoic acid hydrazone (PNO-BHy), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)nicotinic acid hydrazone (PNO-NHy), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-2-furoic hydrazone (PNO-FHy), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (PNS-EtTs), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (PNS-CyTs)] have been synthesized based on the ligands with different electronic and steric effects. These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and various spectral methods. The solid-state structure of the complex 4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. In all of the complexes, the ligand was bound to the Ru(II) center via the PNO/PNS donor atoms. All the ruthenium(II) complexes were demonstrated as highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of secondary amines/amides by the coupling of primary amines/amides with alcohols at low catalyst loading, and the maximum yield was obtained up to 98%. The N-alkylation reaction can be readily carried out under moderate conditions, and release of water is the sole byproduct. In addition, the effects of substituents on the ligand, solvents, base and catalyst loading on the catalytic activity of the complexes have been investigated. Advantageously, only one equivalent of the alcohol was consumed in the process.

Efficient and versatile catalysis of N-alkylation of heterocyclic amines with alcohols and one-pot synthesis of 2-aryl substituted benzazoles with newly designed ruthenium(ii) complexes of PNS thiosemicarbazones

Ruthenium(ii) carbonyl complexes with phosphine-functionalized PNS type thiosemicarbazone ligands [RuCl(CO)(EPh3)(L)] (1-6) (E = P or As, L = 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene) thiosemicarbazone (PNS-H), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-N-methylthiosemicarbazone (PNS-Me), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)-N-phenylthiosemicarbazone (PNS-Ph)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy (IR, UV-Vis, 1H, 13C, 31P-NMR) as well as ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of complexes 1, 2 and 6 were identified by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis revealed that all the complexes possess a distorted octahedral geometry with the ligand coordinating in a uni-negative tridentate PNS fashion. All the ruthenium complexes (1-6) were tested as catalyst for N-alkylation of heteroaromatic amines with alcohols. Notably, complex 2 was found to be a very efficient and versatile catalyst towards N-alkylation of a wide range of heterocyclic amines with alcohols. Complex 2 can also catalyze the direct amination of 2-nitropyridine with benzyl alcohol to the corresponding secondary amine. Furthermore, a preliminary examination of performance for N,N-dialkylation of diamine showed promising results, giving good conversion and high selectivity. In addition, N-alkylation of ortho-substituted anilines (-NH2, -OH and -SH) led to the one-pot synthesis of 2-aryl substituted benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles, also revealing the catalytic activity of complex 2. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.