7159-94-6Relevant articles and documents
Electrophotocatalytic C?H Heterofunctionalization of Arenes
Huang, He,Lambert, Tristan H.
supporting information, p. 11163 - 11167 (2021/04/19)
The electrophotocatalytic heterofunctionalization of arenes is described. Using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ) under a mild electrochemical potential with visible-light irradiation, arenes undergo oxidant-free hydroxylation, alkoxylation, and amination with high chemoselectivity. In addition to batch reactions, an electrophotocatalytic recirculating flow process is demonstrated, enabling the conversion of benzene to phenol on a gram scale.
Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of phenylureas
Salvestrini, Stefano,Di Cerbo, Paola,Capasso, Sante
, p. 1889 - 1893 (2007/10/03)
The hydrolysis of phenylureas has been found to be affected by temperature, pH and buffer concentration. Kinetic evidence suggests that the formation of phenylisocyanate, the initial product in the title reaction, occurs via an intermediate zwitterion. Depending on pH and buffer concentrations, the zwitterion can be produced through three parallel routes: at low pH, specific acid-general base catalysis, followed by slow deprotonation of a nitrogen atom by a general base; at high pH, specific basic-general acid catalysis, followed by slow protonation of a N atom by a general acid; at intermediate pH the reaction proceeds through a proton switch promoted by buffers. Bifunctional acid-base buffers such as HCO3-/CO32-, H2PO42- and CH3COOH/CH3COO- are very efficient catalysts. At high buffer concentration, as well as at pH 12, the breakdown of the zwitterion is rate-determining. The results are discussed in relation to recently published papers reporting different pathways.
Reaktionen mit Aziridinen, XXVIII. Amidoethylierungen von Cyclopentanon-2-carbonsaeureethylester.
Stamm, Helmut,Budny, Jochen
, p. 647 - 657 (2007/10/02)
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