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Upstream product

• 88-73-3 2-Chloronitrobenzene 
• 111-42-2 2,2'-iminobis[ethanol] 
• 1493-27-2 ortho-nitrofluorobenzene 
• 113342-92-0 1-(2-Nitro-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole 

Downstream Products

• 100858-18-2 N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-nitroaniline 
• 528836-34-2 2-nitro-N,N-bis[2'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]aniline 
• 528836-35-3 2-amino-N,N-bis[2'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]aniline 
• 528837-06-1 di-tert-butyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenoxycarbonyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-23-2 diallyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenylcarbamoyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-04-9 diallyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenylcarbamoyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-18-5 diallyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-bromoethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenylcarbamoyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-24-3 di-tert-butyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-(2''-mesyloxyethyl)(2''-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-14-1 diallyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-iodoethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenylcarbamoyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-10-7 di-tert-butyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-mesyloxyethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-09-4 diallyl 4-{[2'-(N,N-bis(2''-mesyloxyethyl)amino)phenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenylcarbamoyl-L-glutamate 
• 528837-00-5 di-tert-butyl 4-{[2'-bis(2''-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)aminophenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenyloxycarbonyl L-glutamate 
• 528836-98-8 diallyl 4-{[2'-bis(2''-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl)aminophenyl]carbamoyloxymethyl}phenylcarbamoyl-L-glutamate 
• 13686-21-0 N¹,N¹-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzene-1,2-diamine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

ENZYME ACTIVATED SELF-IMMOLATIVE N-SUBSTITUTED NITROGEN MUSTARD PRODRUGS

This invention pertains to certain enzyme (CPG2) activated self-immolative nitrogen mustard prodrugs, which are useful in enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT), such as ADEPT and GDEPT, for the treatment of proliferative conditions, such as cancer, and which have

Hypoxia-Selective Antitumor Agents. 3. Relationships between Structure and Cytotoxicity against Cultured Tumor Cells for Substituted N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)anilines

A series of aniline mustards with a wide range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 3- and 4-positions has been synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity in cell culture to examine the potential of using nitro group deactivated nitrogen mustards for the design of novel hypoxia-selective anticancer drugs (Denny, W.A.; Wilson, W.R.J.Med Chem. 1986, 29, 879).Hydrolytic half-lives in tissue culture media, determined by bioassay against a cell line (UV4) defective in the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links showed the expected dependence on the Hammett electronic parameter, ?, varying from 0.13 h for the 4-amino analogue to >100 h for analogues with strongly electron-withdrawing substituents.Cytotoxic potencies in aerobic UV4 cultures showed a similar dependence on ?.This dependence predicted that the 4-nitroaniline mustard would be 7200-fold less potent than its potential six-electron reduction product, the 4-amino compound, in growth inhibition assays using a 1-h drug exposure.The measured differential was much lower (225-fold) because of the instability of the latter compound, but a differential of 17500-fold was observed in the initial rate of killing by using a clonogenic assay.The potential for formation of reactive mustards by reduction to the amine or hydroxylamine was demonstrated by the 4-nitroso compound, which had an aerobic toxicity similar to that of the amine.Although these features confirmed the original rationale, the 3-nitro- and 4-nitroaniline mustards had only minimal hypoxic selectivity against UV cells.Toxicity to hypoxic cells appears to be limited by the low reduction potentials of these compounds and consequent lack of enzymatic nitroreduction.However, this study has demonstrated that nitro groups can be used to latentiate aromatic nitrogen mustards and indicates that examples with higher reduction potentials could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.

A NEW SYNTHESIS OF AROMATIC AND HETEROAROMATIC NITROGEN MUSTARDS VIA 3-PYRROLINES

Reaction of aromatic and heteroaromatic halides with 3-pyrroline gives adducts which can be converted in a three-step process to nitrogen mustards.