7366-21-4

Upstream product

• 32284-96-1 phenylpentamethyldigermane 
• 513-81-5 2,3-dimethyl-buta-1,3-diene 
• 22702-72-3 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-diphenyldigermane 
• 7301-42-0 dimethyldiphenylgermane 
• 134695-21-9 bromodimethylphenylgermane 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 78665-55-1 trans-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-diphenyl-1,2,3-diphosphagermolane 
• 82312-28-5 3,3-dimethyl-2-(dimethylphenylgermyl)-1-phenyl-1,2,3-diphosphagermolane 
• 37899-63-1 (trimethylsilyl)dimethylphenylgermane 
• 16853-85-3 lithium aluminium tetrahydride 

Downstream Products

• 53572-89-7 poly(methylphenylgermylene) 
• 313699-67-1 C₆H₄Ge₃(C₂H₅)4(CH₃)2C₆H₅H 
• 607392-48-3 1,4-bis(4-(dimethylphenylgermyl)butyl)benzene 
• 14699-99-1 trioxidane 
• 883907-65-1 (CH₃)2C₆H₅GeOOOH 
• 32284-96-1 phenylpentamethyldigermane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Laser photolysis of aryl-substituted digermanes. Generation of germyl radicals and germylenes

Laser flash photolysis of the phenyl-substituted digermanes (PhnMe3-nGe)2 results in Ge-Ge bond homolysis to give germyl radicals and probably a germylene.

Oligothienyl catenated germanes and silanes: Synthesis, structure, and properties

The synthesis of two new groups of oligothienyl catenated silanes and germanes, Me5M2Thn (1a-b), Me5M2ThnM2Me5 (2a-c) (terminal), and ThnM2Me4Thn (3a-d) (internal) (M = Si, Ge; n = 2, 3; Th = 2- or 2,5-thienyl), is reported. The study of their structural parameters as well as of their spectral (NMR), electrochemical (CV) and optical (UV/vis absorbance, luminescence) properties has been performed in detail; in addition, the unexpected compound [Th2Si2Me4Th]2 (3a′) is also studied. Theoretical investigations have been performed for model compounds in order to establish structure-property relationships. The molecular structures of 2a (Me5Si2Th2Si2Me5), 2b (Me5Ge2Th2Ge2Me5), 3a (Th2Si2Me4Th2) and 3b (Th2Ge2Me4Th2) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. An effective conjugation with flattening of both Th planes in terminal 2a and 2b was observed. The main trends in the dependence of the optical and electrochemical properties on the structural parameters have been established. All of the compounds studied exhibit a strong emission within the 378-563 nm range, and the maximal quantum yield (up to 77%) is observed for the Si derivative 3a′. For the majority of the compounds, the quantum yields (20-30%) are significantly larger than for 2,2′-bi- and 2,2′:5′,5′′-terthiophenes. Due to their good emission properties, these compounds could be used to develop new materials with specific spectral properties.

Gas phase reaction of nucleogenic dimethylgermylium cations with benzene

Reaction of nucleogenic dimethylgermylium cations with benzene in the gas phase was studied by the radiochemical method. The formation of the products of germylation of benzene, dimethylphenylgermane, and phenylgermane is indicative of the formation of dimethylgermylium cations by the β-decay of tritium in the molecule of dimethylditritium germane. Dimethylgermylium cations are shown to undergo a rearrangement in the course of the reaction with benzene, which is consistent with the earlier results of quantum-chemical calculations.

Preparation, structural characterization, and photochemical reactions of silyl- and germylborates

Silylborates (Li[PhnMe3-nSiBPh3], n = 1-3) and germylborates (Li[PhnMe3-nGeBPh3], n = 1-3; M[Et3- GeBPh3], M = Li, Na, K) were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding silyl- and germylalkali metals with triphenylborane in a hexane/benzene mixed solvent. The silyl- and germylborates were fully identified by 1H, 13C, 11B, and 7Li NMR spectroscopic methods. The solid-state structure of germylborates Li[Ph3GeBPh3] and M[Et3GeBPh 3] (M = Li and Na) were determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. The polymeric structure of M[Et3GeBPh3] was observed in the solid state and in hydrocarbon solution. The alkali metal atoms were located near the center of the benzene ring of triphenylborane and interacted with the neighboring borate molecules by Li+-π interaction. The polymeric structure was broken by the addition of MeOH. However, M[Et 3GeBPh3] was coordinated by three MeOH molecules to form a dimeric structure without methanolysis reaction. The primary processes in photochemical reactions of silyl- and germylborates were investigated by chemical trapping experiments and the CIDEP (chemical-induced dynamic electron polarization) method. The cleavage of the Ge-B (or Si-B) bonds of germylborates (or silylborates) was considered most probably to occur from their triplet states.

Catalytic synthesis of poly(arylmethylgermanes) by demethanative coupling: A mild route to σ-conjugated polymers

A variety of poly(arylmethylgermanes) have been synthesized from aryldimethylgermanes in high yield via mild catalytic demethanative coupling using tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)dimethylruthenium as a convenient catalyst precursor. Polymerizations of germanes Me2GeArH (At = phenyl, p-tolyl, p- fluoro, p-trifluorotolyl, p-anisyl, and m-xylyl) proceed in neat monomer at room temperature. Catalyst removal can be effected by treatment of the reaction mixture with air, which gives polymer yields between 70% and 100%. Alternatively, separation of the catalyst by precipitation of the polymers from THF solution with methanol gives lower yields, but of somewhat higher molecular weight material. The new polygermanes are characterized by 1H NMR and by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using both polystyrene standards and light scattering methods. Molecular weights calculated by polystyrene analysis fall in the ranges of M(w) = 3 x 103 to 7 x 103 and M(n) = 2 x 103 to 6 x 103. Values obtained from light scattering are approximately 60% and 82% higher, respectively, resulting in M(w) measured by SEC/LS in the range 5 x 103 to 1 x 104, with M(w)/M(n) ~ 1.3. The absorption spectra of the polygermanes exhibit λ(max) in the range 326-338 nm. Comparison of the properties of poly(phenylmethylgermane) prepared by catalytic demethanative coupling and Wurtz coupling of MePhGeCl2 with sodium revealed no significant differences.

Photochemical reactions of aryl-substituted catenates of group 4B elements, PhMe2E-E'Me3 (E, E' = Si and Ge). Formation of a radical pair

Photochemical reactions of phenyl substituted catenates of group 4B elements, PhMe2E-E'Me3 (E, E' = Si and Ge) have been investigated by chemical trapping experiments and laser flash-photolysis.On irradiation, the phenylated group 4B catenate undergoes E-E' bond homolysis to give a pair of radicals (PhMe2E. and Me3E'.).In CCl4, these radicals are converted to the corresponding chlorides by abstraction of a chlorine atom.In a nonhalogenated solvent, the radical pair couples at the ipso-position of the phenyl group of the pairing radical (PhMe2E.) to yield the cor responding diradical.This undergoes either elimination of a divalent species (Me2E:) with concomitant formation of trimethylphenyl group 4B element PhMe3E') or intramolecular 1,2-group 4B element migration to yield group 4B metal-carbon double bonded species.The radical escapes from the solvent cage coupled to the metal atom of the radical to yield the dimetallic product.The reaction path observed is highly dependent on the nature of the group 4B element comprising the phenyl substituted catenate.

Photochemical Reactions of Aryl-Substituted Digermanes through a Pair of Organogermyl Radicals

The photochemical reactions of aryl-substituted digermanes were investigated by trapping experiments and a laser flash photolysis technique.The photolysis of phenylated digermanes resulted in germanium-germanium bond homolysis to give a pair of two germyl radicals.The germyl radicals abstracted a chlorine atom from carbon tetrachloride to give chlorogermanes.The pair of germyl radicals also underwent ipso-substitution, which was a precursor of the germylenes.The mechanism for the photochemistry of phenylated digermenes is discussed.

Photochemistry of Phenylpentamethyldigermane

Photolysis of phenylpentamethyldigermane afforded hydrogermanes and digermanes, as main products.These are derived from two germyl radicals generated by photo-induced homolysis of the germanium-germanium bond.Dimethylgermylene is shown to be evolved also