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Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Applications:
Metronidazole is used as an antimicrobial and antiviral agent for the treatment of various infections, including vaginal infections, stomach infections, and dental infections. Its ability to disrupt the DNA structure of microorganisms makes it an effective treatment option.
Used in Antimicrobial Therapy:
In the medical field, metronidazole is employed as a key component in antimicrobial therapy, targeting a broad spectrum of bacteria and parasites that cause infections.
Used in Topical Treatments:
Metronidazole is also used in the form of topical creams for the treatment of skin conditions and infections, providing a direct application method to combat local infections.
Used in Oral and Capsule Formulations:
Available in oral tablets and capsules, metronidazole offers a convenient and effective means for patients to receive treatment for internal infections under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
Caution:

Upstream product

• 111-42-2 2,2'-iminobis[ethanol] 
• 22813-31-6 methyl 2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-yl)acetate 
• 22668-01-5 etanidazole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

New antimetastatic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: Design, synthesis, and biological activities of 2-nitroimidazole-acetamide, TX-1877, and its analogues

We designed, based on the molecular orbital (MO) calculation, synthesized, and evaluated the biological activities of the new antimetastatic hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, 2-nitroimidazole-acetamide, TX-1877, and its analogues. Each analogue has an electron-affinic imidazole group, an acetamide group and a certain hydrophilic group to control its biological effect, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. In in vitro radiosensitization assay, most TX-1877 analogues, which have an electron affinity (EA) of more than 0.9 eV and partition coefficient (P) of more than 0.021, showed satisfactory enhancement ratios (ER > 1.60) at doses of 1 mM. On the other hand, imidazole analogues, such as TX-1908 (EA = 0.67 eV), TX-1910 (EA = -0.34 eV) and TX-1931 (EA = -0.37 eV), which have low electron affinities, had an ER of 1.31 or less. TX-1877 and KIN-806 effectively inhibited tumor regrowth when administered with irradiation in vivo at a dose of 0.4 mg/g. Tumor lung metastasis was inhibited by treatment with either TX-1877 or KIN-806 without irradiation at a dose of 0.4 mg/g. TX-1877 reduced markedly the mean number of metastatic lung nodules in comparison with KIN-806. Moreover, TX-1877 and KIN-806 enhanced macrophage and helper T lymphocyte infiltration for 3 weeks after drug treatment. TX-1877 shows a high EA value and has the C2 of HOMO localizing on N-methylamide and the C2 of LUMO localizing on 2-nitroimidazole group. The MO data might be useful for designing a bifunctional hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. TX-1877 and its analogues are potential antimetastatic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, which would improve the efficiency of radiotherapy and quality of life in cancer treatment.

Nitroimidazoles of low toxicity and high activity as radiosensitizers of hypoxic tumor cells

Two compounds represented by the formula STR1 wherein R is hydrogen or a 2-hydroxyethyl radical are reported to have minimum penetration into the brain and nerve tissues combined with maximum penetration into hypoxic tumor cells. This combination of properties makes these compounds the optimal radiosensitizers among electron-affinic 1-substituted 2-nitroinidazoles.