75970-99-9

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Norastemizole is used as an antihistamine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It helps to relieve symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and a runny nose caused by allergies. However, it is important to note that norastemizole has been withdrawn from the market in some countries due to safety concerns.

InChI:InChI=1/C19H21FN4/c20-15-7-5-14(6-8-15)13-24-18-4-2-1-3-17(18)23-19(24)22-16-9-11-21-12-10-16/h1-8,16,21H,9-13H2,(H,22,23)

Upstream product

• 84501-68-8 ethyl 4-[[1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]amino]-1-piperidinecarboxylate 
• 84946-20-3 2-chloro-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazole 
• 58859-46-4 ethyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate 
• 68844-77-9 astemizole 
• 459-46-1 4-Fluorobenzyl bromide 
• 4857-06-1 2-chloro-1H-benzoimidazole 
• 13035-19-3 4-aminopiperidine 
• 111782-98-0 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole 
• 35621-01-3 4-aminopiperidine dihydrochloride 
• 73733-81-0 ethyl 4-{[(2-aminophenyl)aminothioxomethyl]amino}-1-piperidinecarboxylate 
• 73734-07-3 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-yl)amine 
• 73733-70-7 ethyl 4-isothiocyanato-1-piperidinecarboxylate 

Downstream Products

• 73735-71-4 1-<(4-fluorophenyl)methyl>-N-<1-<2-(4-pyridinyl)ethyl>-4-piperidinyl>-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine 
• 73735-89-4 N-(1-cyclohexyl-4-piperidinyl)-1-<(4-fluorophenyl)methyl>-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine 
• 98088-84-7 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine 
• 98088-85-8 [1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-{1-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-amine 
• 90519-49-6 4-[[1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]amino]-1-piperidineethanol 
• 73735-69-0 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-N-{1-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine 
• 75971-00-5 4-fluoro-N-[2-{4-[1-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino]-1-piperidinyl}ethyl]benzamide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Structure-Guided Development of Small-Molecule PRC2 Inhibitors Targeting EZH2-EED Interaction

Disruption of EZH2-embryonic ectoderm development (EED) protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a new promising cancer therapeutic strategy. We have previously reported the discovery of astemizole, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting the EZH2-EED PPI. Herein, we report the cocrystal structure of EED in complex with astemizole at 2.15 ?. The structure elucidates the detailed binding mode of astemizole to EED and provides a structure-guided design for the discovery of a novel EZH2-EED interaction inhibitor, DC-PRC2in-01, with an affinityKdof 4.56 μM. DC-PRC2in-01 destabilizes the PRC2 complex, thereby leading to the degradation of PRC2 core proteins and the decrease of global H3K27me3 levels in cancer cells. The proliferation of PRC2-driven lymphomas cells is effectively inhibited, and the cell cycle is arrested in the G0/G1 phase. Together, these data demonstrate that DC-PRC2in-01 could be an effective chemical probe for investigating the PRC2-related physiology and pathology and providing a promising chemical scaffold for further development.

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Reveal New Astemizole Analogues Active against Plasmodium falciparum in Vitro

In the context of drug repositioning and expanding the existing structure-activity relationship around astemizole (AST), a new series of analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiplasmodium activity. Among 46 analogues tested, compounds 21, 30, and 33 displayed high activities against asexual blood stage parasites (PfNF54 IC50 = 0.025-0.043 μM), whereas amide compound 46 additionally showed activity against late-stage gametocytes (stage IV/V; PfLG IC50 = 0.6 ± 0.1 μM) and 860-fold higher selectivity over hERG (46, SI = 43) compared to AST. Several analogues displaying high solubility (Sol > 100 μM) and low cytoxicity in the Chinese hamster ovary (SI > 148) cell line have also been identified.

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER

In an aspect, the disclosure pertains to inhibitors of ANGPTL4; synthesis methods for making disclosed compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising disclosed compounds; methods of treating disorders of uncontrolled cellular proliferation, e.g., a cancer; and methods of treating a disease associated with an ANGPTL4 dysfunction using disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Multistage Antiplasmodium Activity of Astemizole Analogues and Inhibition of Hemozoin Formation as a Contributor to Their Mode of Action

A drug repositioning approach was leveraged to derivatize astemizole (AST), an antihistamine drug whose antimalarial activity was previously identified in a high-throughput screen. The multistage activity potential against the Plasmodium parasite's life cycle of the subsequent analogues was examined by evaluating against the parasite asexual blood, liver, and sexual gametocytic stages. In addition, the previously reported contribution of heme detoxification to the compound's mode of action was interrogated. Ten of the 17 derivatives showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 50 100). Screening of AST and its analogues against gametocytes revealed their moderate activity (IC50: 1-5 μM) against late stage P. falciparum gametocytes, while the evaluation of activity against P. berghei liver stages identified one compound (3) with 3-fold greater activity than the parent AST compound. Mechanistic studies showed a strong correlation between in vitro inhibition of β-hematin formation by the AST derivatives and their antiplasmodium IC50s. Analyses of intracellular inhibition of hemozoin formation within the parasite further yielded signatures attributable to a possible perturbation of the heme detoxification machinery.

Characterization of the active site properties of CYP4F12

Cytochrome P450 4F12 is a drug-metabolizing enzyme that is primarily expressed in the liver, kidney, colon, small intestine, and heart. The properties of CYP4F12 that may impart an increased catalytic selectivity (decreased promiscuity) were explored through in vitro metabolite elucidation, kinetic isotope effect experiments, and computational modeling of the CYP4F12 active site. By using astemizole as a probe substrate for CYP4F12 and CYP3A4, it was observed that although CYP4F12 favored astemizole O-demethylation as the primary route of metabolism, CYP3A4 was capable of metabolizing astemizole at multiple sites on the molecule. Deuteration of astemizole at the site of O-demethylation resulted in an isotope effect of 7.1 as well as an 8.3-fold decrease in the rate of clearance for astemizole by CYP4F12. Conversely, although an isotope effect of 3.8 was observed for the formation of the O-desmethyl metabolite when deuterated astemizole was metabolized by CYP3A4, there was no decrease in the clearance of astemizole. Development of a homology model of CYP4F12 based on the crystal structure of cytochrome P450 BM3 predicted an active site volume for CYP4F12 that was approximately 76% of the active site volume of CYP3A4. As predicted, multiple favorable binding orientations were available for astemizole docked into the active site of CYP3A4, but only a single binding orientation with the site of O-demethylation oriented toward the heme was identified for CYP4F12. Overall, it appears that although CYP4F12 may be capable of binding similar ligands to other cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP3A4, the ability to achieve catalytically favorable orientations may be inherently more difficult because of the increased steric constraints of the CYP4F12 active site. Copyright

Mepyramine-JNJ7777120-hybrid compounds show high affinity to hH 1R, but low affinity to hH4R

In literature, a synergism between histamine H1 and H 4 receptor is discussed. Furthermore, it was shown, that the combined application of mepyramine, a H1 antagonist and JNJ7777120, a H 4 receptor ligand leads to a synergistic effect in the acute murine asthma model. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop new hybrid ligands, containing one H1 and one H4 pharmacophor, connected by an appropriate spacer, in order to address both, H1R and H 4R. Within this study, we synthesized nine hybrid compounds, which were pharmacologically characterized at hH1R and hH4R. The new compounds revealed (high) affinity to hH1R, but showed only low affinity to hH4R. Additionally, we performed molecular dynamic studies for some selected compounds at hH1R, in order to obtain information about the binding mode of these compounds on molecular level.

Chloroquine-astemizole hybrids with potent in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity

A dual activity, conjugated approach has been taken to form hybrid molecules of two known antimalarial drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and the non-sedating H1 antagonist astemizole. A variety of linkers were investigated to conjugate the two agents into one molec

A panel of cytochrome P450 BM3 variants to produce drug metabolites and diversify lead compounds

Herein we demonstrate that a small panel of variants of cytochrome P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium covers the breadth of reactivity of human P450s by producing 12 of 13 mammalian metabolites for two marketed drugs, verapamil and astemizole, and one research compound. The most active enzymes support preparation of individual metabolites for preclinical bioactivity and toxicology evaluations. Underscoring their potential utility in drug lead diversification, engineered P450 BM3 variants also produce novel metabolites by catalyzing reactions at carbon centers beyond those targeted by animal and human P450s. Production of a specific metabolite can be improved by directed evolution of the enzyme catalyst. Some variants are more active on the more hydrophobic parent drug than on its metabolites, which limits production of multiply-hydroxylated species, a preference that appears to depend on the evolutionary history of the P450 variant.

Discovery of the first nonpeptidic, Small-molecule, highly selective somatostatin receptor subtype 5 antagonists: A chemogenomics approach

We disclose the first selective, nonpeptidic, small-molecule somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SST5R) antagonists that were identified by a chemogenomics approach based on the analysis of the homology of amino acids defining the putative consensus drug binding site of SST5R. With this strategy, opioid, histamine, dopamine, and serotonine receptors were identified as the closest neighbors of SST5R. The H1 antagonist astemizole was chosen as a seed structure and subsequently transformed into a SST5 receptor antagonist with nanomolar binding affinity devoid of the original target activity.

Substituted 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-amino)piperidines useful for the treatment of allergic diseases

The present invention relates to novel substituted piperidine derivatives of formula (1), stereoisomers thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as histamine receptor antagonists and tachykinin receptor antagonist. Such antagonists are useful in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, including seasonal rhinitis and sinusitis; inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; asthma; bronchitis; and emesis.