7696-05-1

Upstream product

• 463-51-4 Ketene 
• 56-89-3 L-cystine 
• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 
• 108-22-5 Isopropenyl acetate 
• 52-90-4 L-Cysteine 
• 86124-83-6 N-Acetyl-S-<2-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenylsulfonyl)ethyl>cystein 
• 60-24-2 2-hydroxyethanethiol 
• 675587-70-9 N^α-acetyl-S-(2,4-dinitro-5-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl)-L-cysteine 
• 1222442-92-3 2-acetamido-3-(3-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoylthio)propanoic acid 
• 72-18-4 L-valine 
• 1415322-55-2 N-acetyl-S-[[4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]-cysteine 
• 7048-04-6 L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate 
• 622-33-3 N-benzyloxyamine 
• 119-26-6 (2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-hydrazine 

Downstream Products

• 35897-25-7 S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine 
• 13392-33-1 (R)-2-Acetylamino-3-cyclohexylsulfanyl-propionic acid 
• 75898-97-4 N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-1-fluoroethenyl)-L-cysteine 
• 75898-95-2 N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethyl)-L-cysteine 
• 75898-98-5 N-acetyl-S-(2-bromo-1-fluoroethenyl)-L-cysteine 
• 75898-96-3 N-acetyl-S-(2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethyl)-L-cysteine 
• 92452-75-0 N-Acetyl-S-<(tert-butylnitrosamino)methyl>cystein 
• 120033-47-8 N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine N-methylamide 
• 39484-08-7 (R)-2-Acetylamino-3-(3,6-dioxo-cyclohexa-1,4-dienylsulfanyl)-propionic acid 
• 39484-09-8 S-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)mercapturic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Bacterial flavoprotein monooxygenase YxeK salvages toxic S-(2-succino)-adducts via oxygenolytic C–S bond cleavage

Thiol-containing nucleophiles such as cysteine react spontaneously with the citric acid cycle intermediate fumarate to form S-(2-succino)-adducts. In Bacillus subtilis, a salvaging pathway encoded by the yxe operon has recently been identified for the detoxification and exploitation of these compounds as sulfur sources. This route involves acetylation of S-(2-succino)cysteine to N-acetyl-2-succinocysteine, which is presumably converted to oxaloacetate and N-acetylcysteine, before a final deacetylation step affords cysteine. The critical oxidative cleavage of the C–S bond of N-acetyl-S-(2-succino)cysteine was proposed to depend on the predicted flavoprotein monooxygenase YxeK. Here, we characterize YxeK and verify its role in S-(2-succino)-adduct detoxification and sulfur metabolism. Detailed biochemical and mechanistic investigation of YxeK including 18O-isotope-labeling experiments, homology modeling, substrate specificity tests, site-directed mutagenesis, and (pre-)steady-state kinetics provides insight into the enzyme’s mechanism of action, which may involve a noncanonical flavin-N5-peroxide species for C–S bond oxygenolysis.

Separation and purification method for acetylcysteine enantiomer

The invention discloses a separation and purification method for an acetylcysteine enantiomer. The separation and purification method is characterized in that an N-acetylcysteine enantiomer is separated by adopting high performance liquid chromatography; a mobile phase in the high performance liquid chromatography is an alkane solvent-isopropanol, and a volume ratio of the alkane solvent to the isopropanol is (70-83):(17-30); and the filler of a chromatographic column in the high performance liquid chromatography is a filler coated with a cellulose derivative represented by formula I. The separation and purification method can effectively separate the N-acetyl-L-cysteine and its enantiomer, further realizes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the N-acetyl-L-cysteine and its enantiomer, and is of guiding significance for drug production and quality improvement.

Preparation method of N-acetyl-L-cysteine

The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis and particularly relates to a preparation method of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In the method, with cysteine being a raw material and acetic anhydridebeing an acylating agent, the N-acetyl-L-cysteine is prepared through a one-step direct acylation reaction. In the method, the optimum pH value range is disclosed and a recrystallization reagent is determined; meanwhile, by means of a sectional temperature control method, the yield and mass percentage of the product are greatly increased, wherein the finish yield of the product is 80-85% and the mass percentage can reach more than 99%. The method can greatly reduce production cost and reaction steps, and has excellent industrial prospect.

Peptide Tyrosinase Activators

Peptides that increase melanin synthesis are provided. These peptides include pentapeptides YSSWY, YRSRK, and their variants. The peptides may activate the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase to increase melanin synthesis. The pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other compositions including the peptides are also provided. The methods of increasing melanin production in epidermis of a subject are provided where the methods include administering compositions comprising an amount of one or more peptides effective to increase the melanin production. The methods also include treating vitiligo or other hypopigmentation disorders with compositions including one or more peptides.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COUGH

The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for treating or preventing cough may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of acute respiratory tract infections, asthma, gout, fibromyalgia, facilitating conception, promotes secondary mucosal secretions in the respiratory system, muscle relaxant, allergy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders, spasms, respiratory and neurological diseases.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COUGH

The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula (I), and methods for treating or preventing cough may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of acute respiratory tract infections, asthma, gout, fibromyalgia, facilitating conception, promoies secondary mucosal secretions in the respiratory system, muscle relaxant, allergy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders, spasms, respiratory and neurological diseases.

BINARY AND TERTIARY GALVANIC PARTICULATES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to galvanic particulates, their methods of manufacture and uses in treatments are described. The galvanic particulates may be binary or tertiary galvanic particulates, for example, containing multiple layers or phases of conductive materials.

Synthetic approaches to obtain amino acid adducts of 4,4′- methylenediphenyl diisocyanate

4,4′-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is the most important isocyanate used in the chemical industry. Lung sensitization and asthma are the main types of damage after exposure to MDI. Albumin adducts of MDI might be involved in the etiology of sensitization reactions. It is therefore necessary to have sensitive and specific biomarkers such as blood protein adducts to monitor people exposed to isocyanates. For the discovery of new isocyanate adducts with blood proteins present in vivo, new synthetic standards are needed. To achieve this, we developed five methods to obtain amino acid adducts of MDI. We synthesized and isolated MDI adducts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cysteine, and valine. The new adducts were characterized by LC-MS/MS and NMR. We synthesized the corresponding isotope-labeled MDI adducts to develop analytical methods using LC-MS/MS. Glutathione adducts of isocyanates are an important way of transportation of the reactive isocyanates to distant sites from the original site of exposure. Therefore, we used N-acetyl-cysteine adducts of MDI as reactants: N-acetyl-S-[[4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]-cysteine (MDI-AcCys) and N-acetyl-S-[[4-(4-acetylaminobenzyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]-cysteine (AcMDI-AcCys). MDI-AcCys or AcMDI-AcCys formed adducts with albumin, N α-acetyl lysine, and valine. Isotope-labeled albumin adducts (= d4-MDI-albumin) were synthesized from d4-MDI-AcCys and albumin. d4-MDI-albumin can be used as an internal standard to analyze biological samples. Such an internal standard will not correct only for the extraction recovery of the adducts but also for the potential variation of the enzymatic digestions used in the procedure to analyze albumin adducts of MDI. The synthetic procedures described in this manuscript will be applicable to the synthesis of amino acid adducts from other isocyanates.

Combination Therapies for Treating Metabolic Disorders

This invention is directed to pharmaceutical combinations comprising an antioxidant agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, and optionally at least one other anti-diabetic agent useful for treating metabolic disorders. This invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising an antioxidant agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, optionally at least one other anti-diabetic agent, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The combinations and compositions of this invention are useful as methods for treating metabolic disorders including diabetes, particularly Type I and Type II diabetes, as well as diseases and disorders associated with diabetes, including but not limited to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, β-cell dysfunction, dyslipidemia, LADA, metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mammal, particularly a diabetic mammal, and specifically a human patient. This invention is particularly directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an lipoic acid, one or more anti-inflammatories selected from the group consisting of diflunisal, diclofenac, dexibuprofen, dexketoprofen, naproxen, and salicylate, and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The compositions of this invention are useful as methods for treating metabolic disorders including type II diabetes, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and hyperglycemia in a patient, particularly a diabetic patient.