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Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Preparations:
Propranolol Impurity is used as an ingredient in the preparation of calcium blockers and β-blockers, which are essential in managing cardiovascular conditions such as high blood pressure, angina, and irregular heartbeats.
Used in Organic Chemistry:
In the field of organic chemistry, Propranolol Impurity serves as a starting material for the synthesis of Indole and naphthalene derivatives. These compounds have potential applications in various chemical and pharmaceutical processes, making the impurity a valuable component in the development of new compounds and drugs.

Upstream product

• 109-94-4 formic acid ethyl ester 
• 525-66-6 propranolol 
• 64-18-6 formic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

A novel type of N-formylation and related reactions of amines via cyanides and esters as formylating agents

A novel N-formylation and related reactions proceed from cyanides promoted by esters. The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Photodegradation products of propranolol: The structures and pharmacological studies

Recently, single-dose drug packaging systems, allowing the administration of multiple drugs in a single pill, have become popular for the convenience of the patient. The quality of drugs and an accurate measurement of their photostabilities within this system, however, have not been carefully addressed. Drugs that are unstable in light should be carefully handled to protect their potency and ensure their safety. Propranolol (1), a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, is widely used for angina pectoris, arrhythmia, and hypertension. Due to its naphthalene skeleton, this drug may be both light unstable and a photosensitizing agent. In this study, we isolated three photodegraded products of propranolol (1): 1-naphthol (2), N-acetylpropranolol (3), and N-formylpropranolol (4). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical syntheses. We also examined the acute toxicities of these substances in mice and their binding to β-adrenergic receptors using rat cerebellum cortex membranes. Although the photoproducts isolated in this study did not exhibit any acute toxicity or significant binding to β-adrenergic receptors, these results serve as a warning to single-dose packaging systems, as propranolol (1) must be handled carefully to protect the compound from light-induced degradation.