7726-60-5

Upstream product

• 71-23-8 propan-1-ol 
• 3724-65-0 2-butenoic acid 
• 623-43-8 methyl crotonate 
• 123-73-9 crotonaldehyde 

Downstream Products

• 1343491-73-5 C₂₁H₁₇ClF₃NO₇ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Solvent-free esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of silphos [PCl3-n(SiO2)n] as a heterogeneous phosphine reagent

An efficient solvent-free method for the preparation of esters from various aromatic and aliphatic acids with primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using a heterogeneous phosphine reagent, silphos [PCl3-n(SiO 2)n], in good yields is reported.

Manganese phthalocyanine immobilized on silica gel: Efficient and recyclable catalyst for single-step oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alcohols

The functionalization of silica gel was carried out using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a reactive surface modifier followed by covalent grafting of novel tetrakis-(2-methoxy-4-formylphenoxy)phthalocyaninato manganese(III) acetate complex. The resulting inorganic-organic hybrid material was found to be a highly selective and recyclable catalyst for the single-step synthesis of esters. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), diffuse reflectance UV-visible, 13C CPMAS and 29Si CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area analysis, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques, which demonstrates the covalent grafting of the complex onto functionalized silica gel. The catalytic performance of the novel inorganic-organic hybrid catalyst was evaluated in the direct oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alcohols, at ambient temperature, using hydrogen peroxide as an environment friendly oxidant. The hybrid catalyst presented up to 100% of substrate conversion with high turn-over numbers (TONs), up to 100% of selectivity toward the ester product, and can be recovered and reused for multiple cycles without appreciable loss in its catalytic activity.

Increased activity of enzymatic transacylation of acrylates through rational design of lipases

A rational design approach was used to create the mutant Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB, also known as Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B) V190A having a kcat three times higher compared to that of the wild type (wt) enzyme for the transacylation of the industrially important compound methyl methacrylate. The enzymatic contribution to the transacylation of various acrylates and corresponding saturated esters was evaluated by comparing the reaction catalysed by CALB wt with the acid (H2SO4) catalysed reaction. The performances of CALB wt and mutants were compared to two other hydrolases, Humicola insolens cutinase and Rhizomucor mihei lipase. The low reaction rates of enzyme catalysed transacylation of acrylates were found to be caused mainly by electronic effects due to the double bond present in this class of molecules. The reduction in rate of enzyme catalysed transacylation of acrylates compared to that of the saturated ester methyl propionate was however less than what could be predicted from the energetic cost of breaking the π-system of acrylates solely. The nature and concentration of the acyl acceptor was found to have a profound effect on the reaction rate.

A facile conversion of halides, alcohols and olefins to esters using iron(III) perchlorate

A facile method has been developed for the esterification of halides/alcohols/olefins with carboxylic acids using iron(III) perchlorate.

ESTERIFICATION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE: A MIXING AFFAIR ONLY

Carboxylic acids in absolute alcohols, on treatment with thionyl chloride at room temperature give good yields of corresponding esters.