808-12-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Electrocatalytic reduction of aldehydes and ketones on nickel(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complex-modified graphite felt electrode
Kashiwagi, Yoshitomo,Kikuchi, Chikara,Kurashima, Futoshi,Anzai, Jun-Ichi
, p. 9 - 13 (2007/10/03)
Electrocatalytic reduction of aldehydes and ketones was studied using a nickel(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complex-modified graphite felt (GF) electrode. The nickel(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complex-modified GF electrode was prepared by attaching nickel(II) (6-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)perchlorate chemically to the carboxyl groups of a thin poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer coated on the GF. The modified electrode gave a reversible electron transfer for the nickel(II)-nickel(I) redox couple in cyclic voltammetry at -0.95 V versus Ag/AgCl. A preparative electrocatalytic reduction of aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohol and pinacol compounds was successfully achieved on the modified electrode with an adequate current efficiency (46.9-75.9%), conversion (48.1-84.6%) and turnover number of the nickel catalyst (1053-2267).
Tetraarylethanediols: Surprisingly Low Energy Requirements for Electron Transfer in Solution and in the Gas Phase
Penn, John H.,Lin, Zhe,Deng, Dao-Li
, p. 1001 - 1008 (2007/10/02)
A number of methyl-substituted tetraarylethanediols 1 have been found to undergo facile electron transfer (et) to tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(III) complexes (FeIIIL3).The products of this reaction are the corresponding benzophenones when an appropriate base is added to the reaction solution.The electron-transfer rate constants (ket) for the reaction of 1 and FeIIIL3 have been measured as a function of temperature and are higher than anticipated, based on the energetic predictions derived from model arenes.The oxidation potential, derived from the measured ΔGet*, is in good agreement with the solution-phase ΔGeto, which can be calculated from the gas-phase ionization potential.Control experiments demonstrate that the reaction proceeds through a normal outer-sphere electron-transfer reaction.The surprisingly low oxidation potentials can only be explained by through-space phenyl-phenyl interactions.
Novel reduction of carbonyl compounds with Al/NH3/halide under irradiation of ultrasonic wave
Sato,Nagaoka,Goto,Saito
, p. 290 - 292 (2007/10/02)
Various carbonyl compounds, such as benzophenones and acetophenones, were reduced by Al/NH3/halide under ultrasonic wave irradiation to give the corresponding monohydric alcohols and/or pinacols in satisfactory yields. The addition of inorganic halides improved the selectivity in the formation of monohydric alcohols and pinacols.
ELECTRO-ORGANIC REACTIONS. PART 25. THE ROLE OF CHROMIUM(III) IN THE MODIFICATION OF CATHODIC PINACOLISATION
Sopher, David W.,Utley, James H. P.
, p. 1361 - 1368 (2007/10/02)
The presence of chromium(III) chloride, both hydrated and anhydrous, profoundly alters the course of cathodic in dimethylformamide solutions of benzophenone, benzaldehyde, β-ionone, β-ionylidene acetaldehyde, and retinal.Pinacolisation is enhanced at the expense of formation of the corresponding alcohol.Furthermore the relevant reduction potential is lowered.The mechanism of the reaction has been investigated using voltammetric and coulometric experiments combined with a detailed analysis of preparative-scale reductions under a variety of conditions.The stereochemical course of the reactions has also been considered.In total the results provide compelling evidence in favour of the key reducible intermediate being a carbonyl compound-Cr(III) complex which is formed via the corresponding Cr(III) species with homogenous, inner sphere, re-oxidation playing a crucial role.This is contrary to earlier suggestions invoking the participation of electrogenerated Cr(II) as the reductant.
