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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-iridium complexes for asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketimines

Enantioselective reduction of imines to the corresponding chiral secondary amines has been studied using a series of chiral half-sandwich iridium complexes. Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in these complexes were synthesized from readily available, naturally occurring amino acids. Inexpensive phenylsilane was used as a convenient hydrogen donor. Under the optimized conditions, Ir-NHC complexes could reduce ketimines in good yields, albeit with moderate enantiomeric excess (ee). The phenylglycine derived chiral NHC was shown to give the best Ir catalyst and it also gave the maximum ee compared to catalysts prepared from other NHCs in this series. The opposite enantiomer of the reduction product was always obtained while using the Ir complex bearing a valine based NHC. The yields were consistently high with a variety of imine substrates having different steric and electronic demands.

Simple Metal-Free Direct Reductive Amination Using Hydrosilatrane to Form Secondary and Tertiary Amines

This work describes the use of cheap, safe, and easy-to-handle hydrosilatrane as the reductant in direct reductive amination reactions. This efficient method enables a facile, metal-free access to secondary and tertiary amines from a wide range of aldehydes and ketones, with the synthesis of tertiary amines requiring no additives at all. This reaction demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance, chemoselectivity, and scalability. (Figure presented.).

Zirconium Oxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles as a Highly Efficient Catalyst in the Hydrogenation–Amination of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidones

The selective hydrogenation–amination of levulinic acid into pyrrolidones is regarded as one of the most important reactions to transform biomass-derived lignocellulose feedstocks into valuable chemicals. Here we report on ZrO2-supported Pd nanoparticles as a highly active, chemoselective, and reusable catalyst for the hydrogenation–amination of levulinic acid with H2 and various amines under mild reaction conditions. The Pd/ZrO2 catalyst exhibited a marked increase in activity compared with conventional Pd catalysts and a significant enhancement in pyrrolidone selectivity. The excellent catalytic performances are reasonably attributed to the ZrO2 support, which has strong Lewis acidity to enhance the hydrogenation–amination reaction and hinder side reactions.

Scalable synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines by heterogeneous Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with alcohols

Synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines has been efficiently realized from the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols by means of heterogeneous bimetallic Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3catalyst (0.5?wt % Pt, molar ratio Pt:Sn?=?1:3) through a borrowing hydrogen strategy. The Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3catalyst has exhibited very high catalytic activity towards a wide range of amines and alcohols, and can be conveniently recycled without Pt metal leaching. The present protocol was applied for the synthesis of N-phenylbenzylamine in 96% isolated yield from aniline and benzyl alcohol on a 2.1?kg scale of the substrates, demonstrating its potential applicability for higher-order amine synthesis.

Zirconium complexes stabilized by amine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligands as precatalysts for intermolecular hydroamination reactions

A series of zirconium complexes bearing amine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligands of different steric and electronic properties have been synthesized, and their activities in catalyzing intermolecular hydroamination reactions have been studied and compared. In

Bis(2-cycloazylindolyl)titanium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Catalytic Behaviors towards Hydroamination and Ring-opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone

The ligands 2-pyrazol-1-yl-1H-indole (HL1) and 2-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-1H-indole (HL2) individually reacted with Ti(NMe2)4 in tetrahydrofuran to form the corresponding complexes Ti(L1)2(NMe2)2 (1) and Ti

Higher-Affinity Agonists of 5-HT1AR Discovered through Tuning the Binding-Site Flexibility

Discovery of high-affinity and high-selectivity agonists of 5-HT1AR has become very attractive due to their potential therapeutic effects on multiple 5-HT1AR-related psychological and neurological problems. On the basis of our previously designed lead compound FW01 (Ki = 51.9 nM, denoted as 9a in the present study), we performed large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking operations on 5-HT1AR-9a binding. We found the flip-packing events for the headgroup of 9a, and we also found that its tail group could bind flexibly at the agonist-binding site of 5-HT1AR. By finely tuning the flip-packing phenomenon of the 9a headgroup and tuning the binding flexibility of 9a tail group, we virtually designed a series of new 9a derivatives through molecular docking operations and first-principles calculations and predicted that these newly designed 9a derivatives should be higher-affinity agonists of 5-HT1AR. The computational predictions on the new 9a derivatives have been confirmed by our wet-experimental studies as chemical synthesis, binding affinity assays, and agonistic-function assays. The consistency between our computational design and wet-experimental measurements has led to our discovery of higher-affinity agonists of 5-HT1AR, with ～50-fold increase in receptor-binding affinity and ～25-fold improvements in agonistic function. In addition, our newly designed 5-HT1AR agonists showed very high selectivity of 5-HT1AR over subtype 5-HT2AR and also over three subtypes of dopamine receptors (D1, D2, and D3). (Graph Presented).

Synthesis of group 4 metal complexes stabilized by an amine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligand and their catalytic behavior in intermolecular hydroamination reactions

Zirconium and titanium complexes 1 and 2, bearing an amine-bridged bis(phenolato) ligand, have been synthesized and characterized. Although 1 and 2 were inactive in catalyzing intermolecular hydroamination reactions, cationic complexes generated in situ f

Indium-catalyzed hydroamination/hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes and aromatic amines through a one-pot, two-step protocol

We demonstrated that indium tribromide effectively functioned as a single catalyst for two successive steps in a one-pot procedure. First, the hydroamination of alkynes with anilines took place to give the Markovnikov product. Then, hydrosilylation of the imine intermediates by treatment with a hydrosilane substrate afforded the corresponding secondary amines.

Bis(amidate)bis(amido) titanium complex: A regioselective intermolecular alkyne hydroamination catalyst

An efficient and selective bis(amidate)bis(amido) titanium precatalyst for the anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of alkynes is reported. Hydroamination of terminal and internal alkynes with primary alkylamines, arylamines, and hydrazines is promoted by 5-10 mol % of Ti catalyst. Various functional groups are tolerated including esters, protected alcohols, and imines. The in situ generated complex shows comparable catalytic activity, demonstrating its synthetic versatility for benchtop application. Applications of this catalyst for the synthesis of amino alcohols and a one-pot procedure for indole synthesis are described. A mechanistic proposal that invokes turnover-limiting protonolysis is presented to rationalize the observed regioselectivities.