818-99-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
REACTIONS OF HALOGEN FLUORIDES. X. FLUORINATION OF CHLORINE-SUBSTITUTED ALKANES WITH BROMINE TRIFLUORIDE
Kartashov, A. V.,Chuvatkin, N. N.,Boguslavskaya, L. S.
, p. 2276 - 2278 (2007/10/02)
Bromine trifluoride in Freon 113 readily substitutes the chlorine atoms in monochloroalkanes by fluorine, while in the presence of catalytic amounts of certain Lewis acids it is also capable of substituting the chlorine atoms in polychloroalkanes with the formation of the corresponding fluorides.Additions of tin tetrachloride make it possible not only to increase the reaction rate but also to increase the selectivity of fluorination.In some cases substitution of a primary chlorine atom is accompanied by hydride transfers.
REACTIONS OF CHLORINE MONOFLUORIDE. SUBSTITUTION OF CHLORINE ATOMS BY FLUORINE IN CHLORINE-SUBSTITUTED ALKANES AND ESTERS
Chuvatkin, N. N.,Panteleeva, I. Yu.,Boguslavskaya, L. S.
, p. 821 - 827 (2007/10/02)
In anhydrous hydrogen fluoride under mild conditions chlorine monofluoride selectively substitutes the chlorine atoms in chlorine-substituted alkanes and esters by fluorine with the formation of high yields of the corresponding fluorides.The presence of an alkoxycarbonyl group or difluoromethylene group at the α position to the CHCl group deactivates the chlorine atom, and substitution by fluorine does not occur.In chloroalkanes, from which elimination of the chloride ion leads to sufficiently stable carbocations, substitution by fluorine can be realized in the absence of hydrogen fluoride at temperatures between -20 and -60 deg C.The fluorinating capacity of chlorine monofluoride is increased in the presence of catalytic amounts (3-5percent) of antimony pentachloride.Here the reaction is less selective than in hydrogen fluoride.In certain cases substitution is accompanied by hydride transfers.
