82813-00-1Relevant articles and documents
Isomer-selective complexation of copper(I) ionic salts towards 1- and 2-allylbenzotriazoles. Synthesis and characterization of CuBF 4·2-all-bta·H2O, CuClO4·2- all-bta, CuClO4·1-all-bta·2-all-bta and CuHSO 4·2-all-bta - The first known example of CuHSO4 π-complexes
Goreshnik,Vakulka,Slyvka, Yu. I.,Mys'Kiv
, p. 1 - 5 (2012)
The alternating current electrochemical synthesis starting from ethanol solution of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O, CuSO 4·5H2O and Cu(BF4)2· 6H2O with the equimolar mixture of 1- and 2-allylbenzotriazole (all-bta) has led to a formation of Cu[2-all-bta]ClO4 (I), Cu[2-all-bta]HSO4 (II) and Cu[2-all-bta]BF4·H 2O (III) compounds. The direct interaction between Cu(ClO 4)2·6H2O and the mixture of 1- and 2-allylbenzotriazole in ethanol solution results in an appearance of Cu[(1-all-bta)(2-all-bta)]ClO4 (IV) compound. These results are strikingly different from earlier performed syntheses using the same ligands mixture and copper(II) halides, and producing coordination compounds with 1-allylbenzotriazole only. Compounds I and II are isotypical and crystallize in a monoclinic space group Cc. I: a = 9.5413(10) , b = 12.3171(9) , c = 10.3264(10) , β = 111.155(4)°, V = 1131.78(18) 3, Z = 4. II: a = 9.1707(17) , b = 13.6639(17) , c = 9.4543(17) , β = 105.555(7)°, V = 1141.3(3) 3, Z = 4. The main feature of structures I and II is a chelate-bridging role of the ligand moiety, bonded to one copper ion via CC-bond of the allyl group and nitrogen atom of the triazole core, and to the second Cu+ centre by another N atom. Trigonal-pyramidal copper environment comprises of two nitrogen atoms from different ligand units, CC-bond and oxygen atom at the apical position. The bridging function of both Cu+ cations and 2-all-bta molecules results in the formation of infinite chains. High affinity of BF4- anion to the H2O leads to a formation of compound III including water molecule. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic Pbca space group, a = 13.502(8) b = 11.299(5) c = 16.124(8) , V = 2460(2) 3, Z = 8. The ligand moiety plays the same as in I and II chelate-bridging function, but Cu+, being also bonded to CC group and to two N atoms, is connected with the disordered BF4- anion through the water bridge. In the crystal structure IV the metal ion possesses mixed-isomer surrounding, being bound to N-atom and CC-bond of 2-all-bta molecule, N-atom of 1-all-bta-moiety and O(ClO4 -) atom at apical position. IR spectra confirm rather effective Cu-(CC) bonding.
Sustainable Palladium-Catalyzed Tsuji-Trost Reactions Enabled by Aqueous Micellar Catalysis
Braga, Felipe C.,Gallou, Fabrice,Lee, Nicholas R.,Lippincott, Daniel J.,Lipshutz, Bruce H.,Moghadam, Farbod A.,Zhu, Bingchun
supporting information, (2020/07/15)
Palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution, or "Tsuji-Trost"reactions, can be run under micellar catalysis conditions featuring not only chemistry in water but also numerous combinations of reaction partners that require low levels of palladium, typically on the order of 1000 ppm (0.1 mol %). These couplings are further characterized by especially mild conditions, leading to a number of cases not previously reported in an aqueous micellar medium. Inclusion of diverse nucleophiles, such as N-H heterocycles, alcohols, dicarbonyl compounds, and sulfonamides is described. Intramolecular cyclizations further illustrate the broad utility of this process. In addition to recycling studies, a multigram scale example is reported, indicative of the prospects for scale up.
Green and efficient protocol for N-alkylation of benzotriazole using basic ionic liquid [Bmim]OH as catalyst under solvent-free conditions
Le, Zhang-Gao,Zhong, Tao,Xie, Zong-Bo,Lue, Xue-Xia,Cao, Xia
experimental part, p. 2525 - 2530 (2010/09/14)
N-Alkylation of benzotriazole bearing an acidic hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen with alkyl halides is accomplished in basic ionic liquid [Bmim]OH (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide) under solvent-free conditions. The procedure is convenient and efficient and generally affords the N-alkylated product. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Organic reactions in ionic liquids: A simple highly regioselective or regiospecific substitutions of benzotriazole
Le, Zhang-Gao,Chen, Zhen-Chu,Hu, Yi,Zheng, Qin-Guo
, p. 1077 - 1081 (2007/10/03)
In the absence of any added base in ionic liquids [Bmim][BF4], benzotriazole replaces the halogen atom of an α-halogenated ketone or α-halogenated carboxylic ester to give the corresponding N-1-substituted benzotriazole as the only isomer, and
Aqueous micellar medium in organic synthesis: Alkylations and Michael reactions of benzotriazole
Mashraqui, Sabir Hussain,Kumar, Sukeerthi,Mudaliar, Chandrasekhar Dayal
, p. 2133 - 2138 (2007/10/03)
The feasibility of aqueous micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in catalyzing C-N bond formation has been studied with respect to N-alkylations of benzotriazole (Bt). Alkylations with various alkylating agents and the addition of Bt across activated double bonds in the Michael fashion occurred successfully in fair-to-good yields in the aqueous micellar regime. These reactions provided a mixture of N-1 and N-2 alkylated products, with a marked preference for N-1 over N-2 isomers. Micellar catalysis has been evaluated experimentally to indicate over a 50% micellar contribution to these alkylations in contrast to their aqueous counterparts. Since, N-alkyl benzotriazoles are of potential biological interest, the present micellar procedure offers a convenient alternative to other available methods.
1-(1-Alkenyl)benzotriazoles: Novel α-hydroxyacyl anion equivalents for the synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones
Katritzky, Alan R.,Heck, Kenneth A.,Li, Jianqing,Wells, Adam,Garot, Catherine
, p. 2657 - 2670 (2007/10/03)
α-Lithiated 1-(1-alkenyl)benzotriazoles, generated from the reactions of 1-(1-alkenyl)benzotriazoles with n-BuLi, react with a variety of electrophiles to afford α-substituted 1-(1-alkenyl)benzotriazoles which undergo epoxidation with m-CPBA followed by h
Selective Allylation and Propargylation of Azoles by Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Absence of Solvent
Diez-Barra, Enrique,Hoz, Antonio de la,Loupy, Andre,Sanchez-Migallon, Ana
, p. 1367 - 1374 (2007/10/02)
Phase transfer catalysis without solvent allows the selective preparation of N-allyl- and N-propargylazoles or N-(1-propenyl)- and N-(1,2-propadienyl)azoles by reaction of the parent azole with allyl or propargyl bromides.Small variations in the reaction conditions, base or temperature, afford the desired selectivity.
STUDIES ON THE THERMAL DECARBOXYLATION OF 1-ALKOXYCARBONYLBENZOTRIAZOLES
Katritzky, Alan R.,Zhang, Gui-Fen,Fan, Wei-Qiang,Wu, Jing,Pernak, Juliusz
, p. 567 - 573 (2007/10/02)
1-Alkoxycarbonylbenzotriazoles on thermolysis lose carbon dioxide; the decarboxylation is accompanied by the formation of a mixture of 1- and 2-alkylbenzotriazoles, with the N-1 isomer predominating over the N-2 isomer in all cases.A cross-over experiment
N-Vinyl-, N-Allyl-, N-Propenyl- and N-Propargyl-benzotriazoles: Reactions of Their Lithium Derivatives
Katritzky, Alan R.,Li, Jianqing,Malhotra, Nageshwar
, p. 843 - 854 (2007/10/02)
1-Vinylbenzotriazole undergoes lithiation at the α-carbon and subsequent reactions with electrophiles to afford 1-(1-substituted vinyl)benzotriazoles (3a-d).Similarly, 1-(1-substituted propylenyl)- (9a-c, 9e, 10a-c, 10e) and 2-(1-methylpropyl)benzotriazol
N-Alkylation of Pyrrole, Indole, and Several Other Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Potassium Hydroxide as a Base in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycols or Their Dialkyl Ethers
Sukata, Kazuaki
, p. 280 - 284 (2007/10/02)
The alkylation of pyrrole and indole in aqueous potassium hydroxide-organic two-phase systems in the presence of polyethylene glycols (PEG) or their dialkyl ethers (PEG-ether) as phase transfer catalysts (PTC) gave substantial quantities of the C-alkylated and C,N-polyalkylated products as well as the N-alkylated products.This fact is similar to that obtained in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts as PTC.In powdered potassium hydroxide-organic two-phase system, the yields of the N-alkylated products were generally high.Especially, when PEG-ether were employed as solvents, the N-alkylated products were obtained in excellent yields under mild conditions.Imidazole, benzimidazole, carbazole, 2-methylindole, and benzotriazole were similarly N-alkylated in high yields by this method.