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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 49:

A homologous series of the phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads, C n-PcM(OFbaC60) (n = 6, 8, 10, 12; M = Cu, Ni, Co: 3a-3f) have been synthesized to obtain homeotropic alignment at rt and investigate the effects of spacer chain length (n = 6, 8, 10, 12) and central metal (M = Cu, Ni, Co) on the mesomorphism. Interestingly, the shorter-spacer-substituted (n = 6, 8; M = Cu) dyads 3a and 3b showed a hexagonal columnar mesophase (Col h), whereas the longer-spacer-substituted (n = 10, 12; M = Cu, Ni, Co) dyads 3c-3f showed a tetragonal columnar mesophase (Coltet). Moreover, each of the homologs 3a-3e shows perfect homeotropic alignment in both the Colh and Coltet mesophases at rt. More interestingly, these columnar mesophases gave a very unique XRD reflection peak denoted as Peak H in a very small angle region of 0.8 60 dyads 3a-3f between two glass plates. Hence, these novel Pc-C60 dyads 3a-3f may be very suitable to organic thin film solar cells. Copyright

Preparation and characterization of solution processable phthalocyanine-containing polymers via a combination of RAFT polymerization and post-polymerization modification techniques

In this work, a benzenedinitrile functionalized monomer, 2-methyl-acrylic acid 6-(3,4-dicyano-phenoxy)-hexyl ester, was successfully polymerized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer method. The polymerization behavior conveyed the characteristics of living /controlled radical polymerization: the first-order kinetics, linear increase of number-average molecular weight with monomer conversion, narrow molecular weight distribution, and successful chain-extension experiment. The soluble Zn(II) phthalocyanine (Pc)-containing (ZnPc) polymers were achieved by post-polymerization modification of the obtained polymers. The Zn(II) phthalocyanine-functionalized polymer was characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, fluorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The potential application of above ZnPc-functionalized polymer as electron donor material in bulk heterojunction organic solar cell was studied. The device with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ZnPc-Polymer/ PC61BM/LiF/Al structure provided a power conversion efficiency of 0.014%, fill factor of 0.24, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.21 V, and short-circuit current (Jsc) of 0.28 mA/cm2. Copyright

Strength enhancement of nanostructured organogels through inclusion of phthalocyanine-containing complementary organogelator structures and in situ cross-linking by click chemistry

Stable photoactive organogels were successfully prepared by a two-step sequence involving: 1) formation of thermoreversible organogels by use of a combination of low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) and Zn II-phthalocyanine (ZnII-Pc) moieties containing complementary organogelator structures, and 2) strength enhancement of the gels by in situ cross-linking with the aid of CuI-catalysed azidealkyne [3+2] cycloadditions (CuAACs). The optimum click reaction was carried out between a flexible C6 aliphatic diazide and a suitable diaIkyne (molar ratio 1:1) added in a low proportion relative to the organogelator system [LMOG+ZnIIPc]. The diaIkyne unit was incorporated into a molecule resembling the LMOGs structure in such a way that it could also participate in the self-assembly of [LMOG+ZnIIPc]. The significant compatibility of the multicomponent photoactive organogels towards this strengthening through CuAACs allowed their sol-to-gel transition temperatures (Tgel) to be enhanced by up to 15°C. The Tgel values estimated by the inverse flow method were in good agreement with the values obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rheological measurements confirmed the viscoelastic, rigid, and brittle natures of all Pc-containing gels. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the fibrilar nature of the gels and the morphological changes upon cross-linking by CuAAC. Emission of a red luminescence from the dry nanoscale fibrous structure - due to the self-assembly of the Pc-containing compounds in the organogel fibres - was directly observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The optical properties were studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (Cd) measurements were also carried out to complete the physicochemical characterization of selected gels. As a proof of concept, two different organogelators (cholesterol- and diamide-based LMOGs) were successfully used to validate the general strategy.

Synthesis and self-assembly of phthalocyanines bearing sulfur-containing substituents

Asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines with sulfur-containing substituents for fabrication of self-assembled monolayers were synthesized. Phthalocyanine 7, bearing a disulfide group, was synthesized from phthalocyanine with a hydroxyl group, which was prepared via mixed condensation of the corresponding substituted phthalonitriles. Phthalocyanine 10, bearing an acetyl protected thiol group, was synthesized through the Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of an iodophthalocyanine. Their self-assembling behavior on gold substrates was further studied by UV-vis spectroscopy.

Liquid crystalline phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads

Two phthalocyanine-C60 dyads 1 and 2 incorporating either a rigid or a flexible spacer between the phthalocyanine and fullerene units, respectively, have been prepared. Indeed, the nature of the spacer has proven to play an important role in th

Synthesis of mesogenic phthalocyanine-C60 donor-acceptor dyads designed for molecular heterojunction photovoltaic devices

A series of phthalocyanine-C60 dyads 2a-d was synthesized. Key steps in their synthesis are preparation of the low symmetry phthalocyanine intermediate by the statistical condensation of two phthalonitriles, and the final esterification of the

THE SYNTHESIS OF A SOLUBLE, UNSYMMETRICAL PHTHALOCYANINE ON POLYMER SUPPORT

A 1percent crosslinked divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer was used in the preparation of the unsymmetrical 2-(6'-hydroxyhexoxy)-9,16,23-triisopropoxyphtalocyanine, soluble in common organic solvents.