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Usage

Uses

Used in the Oil and Gas Industry:
AX 048 is used as a demulsifier for breaking emulsions and separating water from crude oil, enhancing the efficiency of oil extraction and processing.
AX 048 is used as a viscosity reducer for heavy oils, facilitating easier handling and transportation of the oil.
AX 048 is used as a corrosion inhibitor for oil production equipment, protecting the infrastructure from corrosion and extending its lifespan.
AX 048 is used as a scale inhibitor for oil production equipment, preventing the formation of scale and maintaining the efficiency of the equipment.
AX 048 is used in various applications within the industry, including offshore platforms, pipelines, and well maintenance operations, making it an essential component in the extraction and processing of oil and gas.

Upstream product

• 5959-36-4 ethyl 4-aminobutyrate 
• 764-67-0 2-hydroxypalmitic acid 

Downstream Products

• 888734-43-8 4-(2-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pentanoylamino)butyric acid methyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Systemic and intrathecal effects of a novel series of phospholipase A 2 inhibitors on hyperalgesia and spinal prostaglandin E2 release

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) forms are expressed in spinal cord, and inhibiting spinal PLA2 induces a potent antihyperalgesia. Here, we examined the antihyperalgesic effects after systemic and i.t. delivery of four compounds constructed with a common motif consisting of a 2-oxoamide with a hydrocarbon tail and a four-carbon tether. These molecules were characterized for their ability to block group IVA calcium-dependent PLA 2 (cPLA2) and group VIA calcium-independent PLA 2 (iPLA2) in inhibition assays using human recombinant enzyme. The rank ordering of potency in blocking group IVA cPLA2 was AX048 (ethyl 4-[(2-oxohexadecanoyl)amino]butanoate), AX006 (4-[(2- oxohexadecanoyl)amino]butanoic acid), and AX057 (tert-butyl-4-[(2- oxohexadecanoyl)amino]butanoate) > AX010 (methyl 4-[(2-oxohexadecanoyl)amino] butanoate) and for inhibiting group VIA iPLA2 was AX048, AX057 > AX006, and AX010. No agent altered recombinant cyclooxygenase activity. In vivo, i.t. (30 μg) and systemic (0.2-3 mg/kg i.p.) AX048 blocked carrageenan hyperalgesia and after systemic delivery in a model of spinally mediated hyperalgesia induced by i.t. substance P (SP). The other agents were without activity. In rats prepared with lumbar i.t. loop dialysis catheters, SP evoked spinal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. AX048 alone inhibited PGE2 release. Intrathecal SR141617, a cannabinoid CB1 inhibitor at doses that blocked the effects of i.t. anandamide had no effect upon i.t. AX048. These results suggest that AX048 is the first systemically bioavailable compound with a significant affinity for group IVA cPLA 2, which produces a potent antihyperalgesia. The other agents, although demonstrating enzymatic activity in cell-free assays, appear unable to gain access to the intracellular PLA2 toward which their action is targeted. Copyright

SYSTEMIC AND INTRATHECAL EFFECTS OF A NOVEL SERIES OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 INHIBITORS ON HYPERALGESIA AND SPINAL PGE2 RELEASE

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) forins are expressed in spinal cord whose inhibition induces a potent antihyperalgesia. PLA2 inhibitor compounds are provided that include a common motif consisting of a 2-oxoamide with a hydrocarbo