883141-51-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A practical lewis base catalyzed electrophilic chlorination of arenes and heterocycles
Maddox, Sean M.,Nalbandian, Christopher J.,Smith, Davis E.,Gustafson, Jeffrey L.
, p. 1042 - 1045 (2015)
A mild phosphine sulfide catalyzed electrophilic halogenation of arenes and heterocycles that utilizes inexpensive and readily available N-halosuccinimides is disclosed. This methodology is shown to efficiently chlorinate diverse aromatics, including simple arenes such as anthracene, and heterocycles such as indoles, pyrrolopyrimidines, and imidazoles. Arenes with Lewis acidic moieties also proved amenable, underscoring the mild nature of this chemistry. Lewis base catalysis was also found to improve several diverse aromatic brominations and iodinations.
Modulating reactivity and diverting selectivity in palladium-catalyzed heteroaromatic direct arylation through the use of a chloride activating/blocking group
Liegault, Benoit,Petrov, Ivan,Gorelsky, Serge I.,Fagnou, Keith
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1047 - 1060 (2010/04/04)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Through the introduction of an aryl chloride substituent, the selectivity of palladium-catalyzed direct arylation may be diverted to provide alternative regioisomeric products in high yields. In cases where low reactivity is typically observed, the presence of the carbon-chlorine bond can serve to enhance reactivity and provide superior outcomes. From a strategic perspective, the C-Cl bond is easily introduced and can be employed in a variety of subsequent transformations to provide a wealth of highly functionalized heterocycles with minimal substrate preactivation. The impact of the C-Cl functional group on direct arylation reactivity has also been evaluated mechanistically, and the observed reactivity profiles correlate very well with that predicted by a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway.
Cu(II)-catalyzed direct and site-selective arylation of indoles under mild conditions
Phipps, Robert J.,Grimster, Neil P.,Gaunt, Matthew J.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 8172 - 8174 (2009/02/02)
We have developed a new site-selective Cu(II)-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization process that can selectively arylate indoles at either the C3 or C2 position under mild conditions. The scope of the arylation process is broad and tolerates broad functionality on both the indole and aryl unit, which makes it amenable to further elaboration. The mechanism of the arylation reaction is proposed to proceed via a Cu(III)-aryl species that undergoes initial electrophilic addition at the C3 position of the indole motif. We speculate that site of indole arylation arises through a migration of the Cu(III)-aryl group from C3 to C2, and this can be controlled by the nature of the group on the nitrogen atom; free (NH)- and N-alkylindoles deliver the C3-arylated product, whereas N-acetylindoles afford the C2 isomer, both with excellent yield and selectivity. Copyright
A concise synthesis of novel naphtho[a]carbazoles and benzo[c]carbazoles
Pathak, Rakhi,Nhlapo, Johanna M.,Govender, Sameshnee,Michael, Joseph P.,Van Otterlo, Willem A. L.,De Koning, Charles B.
, p. 2820 - 2830 (2007/10/03)
Starting from simple indole precursors the synthesis of naphtho[a]carbazoles and benzo[c]carbazoles is described. Key steps include the use of the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to afford 2- or 3-aryl substituted indoles, as well as a potassium t-butoxide and light assisted aromatic ring-forming reaction.
