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Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Tolvaptan is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyponatremia. It functions by increasing the excretion of water through the kidneys, which helps to restore normal sodium levels in the body. As a potent and specific inhibitor of vasopressin-dependent water reabsorption, Tolvaptan leads to increased urination and the correction of hyponatremia.
It is typically administered orally, and due to its mechanism of action, it is particularly effective in managing the symptoms and complications associated with hyponatremia. However, its use has been associated with rare cases of liver injury, making it essential to monitor liver function in patients who are prescribed this medication.

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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Design, synthesis and fungicidal activity evaluation of novel pyrimidinamine derivatives containing phenyl-thiazole/oxazole moiety

Diflumetorim is a member of pyrimidinamine fungicides that possess excellent antifungal activities. Nevertheless, as reported that the activity of diflumetorim to corn rust (Puccinia sorghi) was not ideal (EC50 = 53.26 mg/L). Herein, a series of novel pyrimidinamine derivatives containing phenyl-thiazole/oxazole moiety were designed based on our previous study and the structural characteristics of diflumetorim, synthesized and bioassayed to discover novel fungicides with excellent antifungal activities. Among these compounds, T18 gave the optimal fungicidal activity, which respectively offers control effects with EC50 values of 0.93 mg/L against P. sorghi and 1.24 mg/L against E. graminis, significantly superior to commercial fungicides diflumetorim, tebuconazole, and flusilazole. Cell cytotoxicity results suggested that compound T18 has lower toxicities than diflumetorim. Furthermore, DFT calculation indicated that the phenyl-thiazole/oxazole moiety plays an unarguable role in the improvement of activity, which will contribute to designing and developing more potent compounds in the future.