889659-70-5Relevant articles and documents
Enantiodivergent Fluorination of Allylic Alcohols: Data Set Design Reveals Structural Interplay between Achiral Directing Group and Chiral Anion
Neel, Andrew J.,Milo, Anat,Sigman, Matthew S.,Toste, F. Dean
, p. 3863 - 3875 (2016/04/09)
Enantioselectivity values represent relative rate measurements that are sensitive to the structural features of the substrates and catalysts interacting to produce them. Therefore, well-designed enantioselectivity data sets are information rich and can provide key insights regarding specific molecular interactions. However, if the mechanism for enantioselection varies throughout a data set, these values cannot be easily compared. This premise, which is the crux of free energy relationships, exposes a challenging issue of identifying mechanistic breaks within multivariate correlations. Herein, we describe an approach to addressing this problem in the context of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed fluorination of allylic alcohols using aryl boronic acids as transient directing groups. By designing a data set in which both the phosphoric and boronic acid structures were systematically varied, key enantioselectivity outliers were identified and analyzed. A mechanistic study was executed to reveal the structural origins of these outliers, which was consistent with the presence of several mechanistic regimes within the data set. While 2- and 4-substituted aryl boronic acids favored the (R)-enantiomer with most of the studied catalysts, meta-alkoxy substituted aryl boronic acids resulted in the (S)-enantiomer when used in combination with certain (R)-phosphoric acids. We propose that this selectivity reversal is the result of a lone pair-π interaction between the substrate ligated boronic acid and the phosphate. On the basis of this proposal, a catalyst system was identified, capable of producing either enantiomer in high enantioselectivity (77% (R)-2 to 92% (S)-2) using the same chiral catalyst by subtly changing the structure of the achiral boronic acid.
Novel azo dye compound
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Page/Page column 15, (2008/06/13)
A compound represented by formula (I): Formula (I) wherein Z1 and Z2 each are atoms necessary for forming an aromatic ring; V1 and V2 each are a substituent W1 or W2; when at least one V1 is W1, at least one V2 is W2, or when at least one V1 is W2, at least one V2 is W1; r is 1 to 4; s is 1 to 4; M1 is a counter ion; m1 is the number necessary for neutralizing charge; W1 is a hydroxyl, primary- or secondary- or tertiary-amino, acylamino, or sulfonamido group; W2 is a nitro, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic, sulfo, carboxyl, heterocyclic oxy, ammonio, alkyl- or aryl-sulfinyl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl, acyl, or aryl- or heterocyclic-azo group; and the aromatic ring may have a substituent other than V1 and V2.