9004-94-8

Upstream product

• 408331-15-7 2-iodoethyl palmitate 
• 101885-48-7 2-bromoethyl hexadecanoate 
• 2624-31-9 potassium palmitate 
• 107-07-3 2-chloro-ethanol 
• 112-67-4 n-hexadecanoyl chloride 
• 112-39-0 hexadecanoic acid methyl ester 
• 623-65-4 palmitic anhydride 
• 112-27-6 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bisethanol 
• 111-46-6 diethylene glycol 
• 107-21-1 ethylene glycol 
• 35438-71-2 triglycol borate 
• 57-10-3 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Rapid transesterification of aliphatic and aromatic esters using sodium bis(ethylenedioxy)borate-a mild catalyst

A simple, selective transesterification of aliphatic and aromatic esters using a mild base sodium bis(ethylenedioxy)borate is described. The transesterification reactions were performed both in microwave and ultrasonication. Aromatic compounds forms diesters of ethylene glycol while aliphatic compounds forms only monoesters. The IR, MS and NMR characterization are given. In this work, an environmentally benign process for the production of biodiesel from oils using heterogeneous catalyst was developed. Mild borate catalyst was adopted for the production of biodiesel. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the reaction time, the reaction condition, the use of co-solvent and the amount of catalyst, was performed.

Synthesis of novel amphiphilic spin probes with the paramagnetic doxyl group in the polar region

The use of ESR and specially designed spin probes has led to major breakthroughs in understanding the complexity of biological membranes. Research has been focused mainly on molecular events within the?lipid bilayer, and few probes have been designed for studying events in the extracellular space near the membrane surface. We have prepared a series of amphiphilic spin probes in which an ethylene glycol type hydrophilic spacer was introduced between a hydrophobic anchor and the doxyl group, placing the latter above the membrane in the extracellular space. Furthermore, the 2pπ orbital, containing the unpaired electron of the nitroxide group, would be orientated perpendicular to the membrane surface, making it more useful for ESR investigations of structural and dynamic properties close to the membrane surface in different situations of the cell life.

Combinatorial synthesis of PEG oligomer libraries

A simple chain-extending approach was established for the scale-up of the monoprotected monodisperse PEG diol materials. Reactions of THP-(OCH2CH2)n—OMs (n=4, 8, 12) with a large excess of commercially available H—(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=1-4) under basic conditions led to THP-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=5-15). Similarly, Me-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=4-11, 13) were prepared from Me-(OCH2CH2)n—OMs (n=3, 7, 11). For the chain elongation steps, 40-80% yields were achieved through extraction purification. PEG oligomer libraries I and II were generated in 50-95% overall yields by alkylation or acylation of THP-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=1-15) followed by deprotection. Alkylation of Me-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=1-11, 13) with X—(CH2)m—CO2R (X=Br or OMs) and subsequent hydrolysis led to PEG oligomer library III in 30-60% overall yields. Combinatorial purification techniques were adapted to the larger-scale library synthesis. A total of 498 compounds, each with a weight of 2-5 g and a minimum purity of 90%, were synthesized.

Pharmaceutical compositions of insulin drug-oligomer conjugates and methods of treating diseases therewith

Pharmaceutical compositions that include an insulin drug-oligomer conjugate, a fatty acid component, and a bile salt component are described. The insulin drug is covalently coupled to an oligomeric moiety. The fatty acid component and the bile salt component are present in a weight-to-weight ratio of between 1:5 and 5:1. Methods of treating an insulin deficiency in a subject in need of such treatment using such pharmaceutical compositions are also provided, as are methods of providing such pharmaceutical compositions.

Mixtures of drug-oligomer conjugates comprising polyalkylene glycol, uses thereof, and methods of making same

A non-polydispersed mixture of conjugates in which each conjugate in the mixture comprises a drug coupled to an oligomer that includes a polyalkylene glycol moiety is disclosed. The mixture may exhibit higher in vivo activity than a polydispersed mixture of similar conjugates. The mixture may be more effective at surviving an in vitro model of intestinal digestion than polydispersed mixtures of similar conjugates. The mixture may result in less inter-subject variability than polydispersed mixtures of similar conjugates.

Pharmaceutical compositions of drug-oligomer conjugates and methods of treating diseases therewith

Pharmaceutical compositions that include a drug-oligomer conjugate, a fatty acid component, and a bile salt component are described. The drug is covalently coupled to an oligomeric moiety. The fatty acid component and the bile salt component are present in a weight-to-weight ratio of between 1:5 and 5:1. Methods of treating diseases in a subject in need of such treatment using such pharmaceutical compositions are also provided, as are methods of providing such pharmaceutical compositions.

Insulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates, proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates and methods of synthesizing same

Methods for synthesizing proinsulin polypeptides are described that include contacting a proinsulin polypeptide including an insulin polypeptide coupled to one or more peptides by peptide bond(s) capable of being cleaved to yield the insulin polypeptide with an oligomer under conditions sufficient to couple the oligomer to the insulin polypeptide portion of the proinsulin polypeptide and provide a proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugate, and cleaving the one or more peptides from the proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugate to provide the insulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugate. Methods of synthesizing proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates are also provided as are proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates. Methods of synthesizing C-peptide polypeptide-oligomer conjugates and other pro-polypeptide-oligomer conjugates are also provided.

Insulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates, proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates and methods of synthesizing same

Methods for synthesizing proinsulin polypeptides are described that include contacting a proinsulin polypeptide including an insulin polypeptide coupled to one or more peptides by peptide bond(s) capable of being cleaved to yield the insulin polypeptide with an oligomer under conditions sufficient to couple the oligomer to the insulin polypeptide portion of the proinsulin polypeptide and provide a proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugate, and cleaving the one or more peptides from the proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugate to provide the insulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugate. Methods of synthesizing proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates are also provided as are proinsulin polypeptide-oligomer conjugates. Methods of synthesizing C-peptide polypeptide-oligomer conjugates and other pro-polypeptide-oligomer conjugates are also provided.

Mixtures of insulin drug-oligomer conjugates comprising polyalkylene glycol, uses thereof, and methods of making same

A mixture of conjugates in which each conjugate in the mixture comprises an insulin drug coupled to an oligomer that includes a polyalkylene glycol moiety is disclosed. The mixture may exhibit higher in vivo activity than a polydispersed mixture of similar conjugates. The mixture may also be more effective at surviving an in vitro model of intestinal digestion than polydispersed mixtures of similar conjugates. The mixture may also result in less inter-subject variability than polydispersed mixtures of similar conjugates.

Mixtures of growth hormone drug-oligomer conjugates comprising polyalkylene glycol, uses thereof, and methods of making same

A mixture of conjugates in which each conjugate in the mixture comprises a growth hormone drug coupled to an oligomer that includes a polyalkylene glycol moiety is disclosed.