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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfonic acid as a green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions

In this work, magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfonic acid (γ-Fe2O3-SO3H) is used as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles in a short time (40-70 min for trisubstituted imidazoles and 30-40 min for tetrasubstituted imidazoles) and high-purity products were obtained (92-98% for trisubstituted imidazoles and 94-98% for tetrasubstituted imidazoles) in simple multicomponent reactions. The structure of these products was confirmed via FT-IR and NMR. Green and recyclable catalysts, eco-friendly and solvent-free conditions, high catalytic activity, shorter reaction time, easy recovery by an external magnet, high purity, and excellent yields are some features of these reactions.

Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles: a green and benign approach

Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite as an efficient catalyst was synthesized and characterized by AFM analysis. This nanocomposite acts as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the room temperature synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles from aldehydes, benzil, ammonium acetate and several anilines or aliphatic amines via one-pot four-component condensation reaction in H2O as a green solvent. Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite was simply recovered by filtration and was reused up to three times.

Sulfonated-polyvinyl amine coated on Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a high-loaded and magnetically separable acid catalyst for multicomponent reactions

Abstract: In this study, a PVAm-bearing SO3H groups/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and in situ polymerization of acrylamide onto the surface of magnetic nanoparticles without using organosilane precursors. In order to obtain amine-functionalized magnetic, Hofmann degradation was carried out. In the following, sulfonated-polyvinyl amine coated on Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared by covalent grafting of chlorosulfonic acid on amine groups. The introduction of polymer to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles increases the loading content with functional groups extremely. The resulting hybrid material was effectively employed as an unprecedented acid magnetic catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. High yields, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, operational simplicity with reusability are the notable features of the catalyst. The structure of the newly developed catalyst was characterized using TGA, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, VSM, EDX, CHNS, and XRD analysis. Magnetic separation and recycling of the catalyst for at least 8 runs is possible without any significant deterioration in catalytic activity. This work is the first report of employing PVAm as a linker for immobilizing liquid acid on a support.

In vitro evaluation of arylsubstituted imidazoles derivatives as antiprotozoal agents and docking studies on sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) from Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma brucei

There is an urgent need to discover and develop new drugs to combat parasitic diseases as Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei), and leishmaniasis (Leishmania ssp.). These diseases are considered among the 13 most unattended diseases worldwide according to the WHO. In the present work, the synthesis of 14 arylsubstituted imidazoles and its molecular docking onto sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) was executed. In addition, the compounds, antiprotozoal activity against T. brucei, T. cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and Leishmania infantum was evaluated. In vitro antiparasitic results of the arylsubstituted imidazoles against T. brucei, T. cruzi, T.b. rhodesiense, and L. infantum indicated that all samples from arylsubstituted imidazole compounds presented interesting antiparasitic activity to various extent. The ligands 5a, 5c, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5i, and 5j exhibited strong activity against T. brucei, T. cruzi, T.b. rhodesiense, and L. infantum with IC50 values ranging from 0.86 to 10.23?μM. Most samples were cytotoxic against MRC-5 cell lines (1.12 50 2, SO3H, and OH groups interacts with the Fe2+ ion of the Heme group.

One-pot synthesis of multisubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by Dendrimer-PWAn nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions and ultrasonic irradiation

An efficient, green and eco-friendly protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles via one-pot condensation reaction using Dendrimer-PWAn as catalyst under solvent-free conditions or ultrasonic irradiation in excellent yields. The reactions under conventional heating conditions were compared with the ultrasonic-assisted reactions. The operational simplicity, practicability and applicability of this protocol to various substrates make it an interesting alternative to previous procedures. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction times, a cleaner reaction, and the absence of any tedious work-up or purification. The catalyst is easily separated from the products by filtration and also exhibits remarkable reusable activity. SEM, BET and DLS of the catalyst were also investigated after each reaction cycle.

Appel reagent as novel promoter for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles

We present an efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles in the presence of Appel reagent (Ph3P/CCl4). Tri-substituted imidazoles is synthesized via condensation of aldehydes, benzil and ammonium acetate, and tetra-substituted imidazole is prepared via condensation of aldehydes, benzil, ammonium acetate and primary amines. These protocols allow the simple preparation of the desired products using readily available reagent instead of complex, expensive and toxic reagents under mild reaction conditions in excellent yields.

A waste to wealth approach through utilization of nano-ceramic tile waste as an accessible and inexpensive solid support to produce a heterogeneous solid acid nanocatalyst: To kill three birds with one stone

Regarding the subject of waste products/materials, recycling or reusing has had a pivotal role on account of environmental and economic reasons. As a consequence, the essential task, nowadays, can be invention of new and practical pathways to reuse or even recycle them. In this framework, until now, recycling of some waste products such as tile wastes has not been taken into consideration; so, we were prompted by the possibility of recycling tile wastes in the catalytic direction. To this end, we use them as cost-effective, available, and nontoxic support materials for the heterogenization of sulfuric acid, in order to prepare the novel nano-ceramic tile waste supported sulfonic acid catalyst (nano-ceramic tile waste-SO3H or n-CTW-SA). This solid acid catalyst was well characterized through FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, TGA, BET, BJH, pH analysis and Hammett acidity function. The as-prepared nano-ceramic tile waste supported sulfonic acid catalyst proved to be an active heterogeneous catalyst in multicomponent reactions (MRCs) for the rapid and efficient one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles in high yields and selectivity. In comparison with some other homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, nano-ceramic tile waste supported sulfonic acid displayed a greater activity. Moreover, being highly stable, inexpensive, accessible, retrievable, reusable, and having low toxicity are some other beneficial points of this catalyst.

A new more atom-efficient multi-component approach to tetrasubstituted imidazoles: One-pot condensation of nitriles, amines and benzoin

A new more atom-efficient multi-component approach for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles via the one-pot condensation of nitriles, primary amines and benzoin has been described. Using this method, a wide range of structurally diverse nitriles and primary amines were successfully condensed with benzoin in glycerol in the presence of TFA under microwave irradiation at 120 °C and all the products were obtained in good to excellent yields with higher atom efficiencies in comparison with the commonly used four-component condensation of aldehydes, ammonium acetate, primary amines and benzil.

Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles using 2,6-dimethylpyridinium trinitromethanide {[2,6-DMPyH]C(NO2)3} as a novel nanostructured molten salt and green catalyst

2,6-Dimethylpyridinium trinitromethanide {[2,6-DMPyH]C(NO2)3}, as a novel nanostructured molten salt, efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives by a one-pot four-component condensation reac

One-pot synthesis of multisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation using Fe3O4@SiO2-imid-PMAn magnetic porous nanospheres as a recyclable catalyst

An efficient, green and ecofriendly procedure has been developed using Fe3O4@SiO2-imid-PMAn as a magnetic catalyst for a rapid and improved synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation in excellent yields. The reactions under conventional heating conditions were compared with the microwave-assisted reactions. The operational simplicity, practicability and applicability of this protocol to various substrates make it an interesting alternative to previous procedures. The present approach offers several advantages such as short reaction times, high yields, simplicity of operation, easy work-up, a cleaner reaction and ease of recovery and reusability of the catalyst using a magnetic field. Also, the nanocatalyst can be easily recovered by the application of a magnetic field and reused for the next reactions at least 5 times without distinct deterioration in catalytic activity. SEM, BET, DLS and leaching of the catalyst after each reaction cycle were investigated.