934-93-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A cobalt catalyst for reductive etherification of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural to 2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)furan under mild conditions
Li, Xing-Long,Zhang, Kun,Chen, Shi-Yan,Li, Chuang,Li, Feng,Xu, Hua-Jian,Fu, Yao
supporting information, p. 1095 - 1105 (2018/03/13)
Conversion of platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into high-value-added derivatives has attracted significant interest. In this paper, a metallic cobalt catalyst was prepared by the simple reduction of commercially available Co3O4, and used to catalyze the reductive etherification of HMF to 2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)furan (BMMF) under mild conditions. A yield of 93% 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) was obtained (90 °C, 2 MPa H2, 1 h) and 98.5% yield of BMMF was achieved (140 °C, 2 MPa H2, 1 h) by using a Co-400 catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ammonia-temperature-programmed-desorption (NH3-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). It was found that the Co0 and Co2+/3+ species coexist on the surface of the catalyst and the catalyst became more porous and rougher after reduction at high temperature. This may be more beneficial for enhancing the selectivity of the etherification product and the mass transfer of reaction species. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on GC and 1H-NMR analyses. The cobalt catalyst was reused five times with a slight decrease in activity.
Tunable and selective conversion of 5-HMF to 2,5-furandimethanol and 2,5-dimethylfuran over copper-doped porous metal oxides
Kumalaputri, Angela J.,Bottari, Giovanni,Erne, Petra M.,Heeres, Hero J.,Barta, Katalin
, p. 2266 - 2275 (2014/11/27)
Tunable and selective hydrogenation of the platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into valuable C6 building blocks and liquid fuel additives is achieved with copper-doped porous metal oxides in ethanol. A new catalyst composition with improved hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis activity is obtained by introducing small amounts of ruthenium dopant into the previously reported Cu0.59Mg2.34Al1.00 structure. At a mild reaction temperature (100 °C), 2,5-furandimethanol is obtained with excellent selectivity up to >99 %. Higher reaction temperatures (220 °C) favor selective deoxygenation to 2,5-dimethylfuran and minor product 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran with a combined yield as high as 81 %. Notably, these high product yields are maintained at a substrate concentration up to 10 wt % and a low catalyst loading. The influence of different alcohol solvents on product selectivity is explored. Furthermore, reaction intermediates formed at different reaction temperatures are identified. The composition of these product mixtures provides mechanistic insight into the nature of the reduction pathways that influence product selectivity. The catalysts are characterized by elemental analysis, TEM, and BET techniques before and after the reaction. Catalyst recycling experiments are conducted in batch and in a continuous-flow setup.
