94109-11-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Norepinephrine and its metabolites are involved in the synthesis of neuromelanin derived from the locus coeruleus
Wakamatsu, Kazumasa,Tabuchi, Keisuke,Ojika, Makoto,Zucca, Fabio A.,Zecca, Luigi,Ito, Shosuke
, p. 768 - 776 (2015/11/11)
In order to elucidate the chemical structure of black to brown pigments, neuromelanins (NMs), in the substantia nigra (SN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) in the central nervous system of humans and other mammalian species during aging, chemical degradative methods are powerful tools. HPLC analysis after hydroiodic acid hydrolysis detected aminohydroxyphenylethylamines, aminohydroxyphenylacetic acids, and aminohydroxyethylbenzenes, which confirmed that SN-NM and LC-NM contain melanin derived not only from dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) but also from several other catecholic metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, in addition to the corresponding Cys-derivatives in varying degrees. However, hydroiodic acid hydrolysis showed that LC-NM produced the same degradation products as were detected in SN-NM. Thus, we needed to develop a new chemical detection method to validate the existence of NE in LC-NM. In the present study, we report that HCl hydrolysis of LC-NM in the presence of thioglycolic acid yields new products arising from substitution of the hydroxyl group by thioglycolic acid at the benzyl position of NE and cysteinyl-NE. This is the first chemical evidence showing that NE and cysteinyl-NE are incorporated into LC-NM.
Reduction of the nitro group to amine by hydroiodic acid to synthesize o-aminophenol derivatives as putative degradative markers of neuromelanin
Wakamatsu, Kazumasa,Tanaka, Hitomi,Tabuchi, Keisuke,Ojika, Makoto,Zucca, Fabio A.,Zecca, Luigi,Ito, Shosuke
, p. 8039 - 8050 (2014/07/08)
Neuromelanin (NM) is produced in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC). The synthesis of NM in those neurons is a component of brain aging and there is the evidence that this pigment can be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. NM is believed to derive from the oxidative polymerization of dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE) with the participation of cysteine, dolichols and proteins. However, there are still unknown aspects in the chemical structure of NM from SN (SN-NM) and LC (LC-NM). In this study, we designed a new method to synthesize o-aminophenol compounds as putative degradation products of catecholamines and their metabolites which may be incorporated into NM. Those compounds are aminohydroxyphenylethylamine (AHPEA) isomers, aminohydroxyphenylacetic acid (AHPAA) isomers and aminohydroxyethylbenzene (AHEB) isomers, which are expected to arise from DA or NE, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylmandelic acid (DOMA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPE) or 3,4- dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG), respectively. These o-aminophenol compounds were synthesized by the nitration of phenol derivatives followed by reduction with hydroiodic acid (HI), and they could be identified by HPLC in HI hydrolysates of SN-NM and LC-NM. This degradative approach by HI hydrolysis allows the identification of catecholic precursors unique to SN-NM and LC-NM, which are present in catecholaminergic neurons.
HARMFUL ARTHROPOD CONTROL COMPOSITION, AND FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
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Page/Page column 120, (2011/02/18)
Disclosed is a harmful arthropod control composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a fused heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1) [wherein A1 and A2 independently represent a nitrogen atom or the like; R1 and R4 independently represent a halogen atom or the like; R2 and R3 independently represent a halogen atom or the like; R5 and R6 independently represent a linear C1-C6 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, or the like (provided that both R5 and R6 cannot represent a hydrogen atom simultaneously); and n represents 0 or 1]. The harmful arthropod control composition has an excellent efficacy to control harmful arthropods.
HARMFUL ARTHROPOD CONTROL COMPOSITION, AND FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
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Page/Page column 75, (2011/04/13)
Disclosed is a harmful arthropod control composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a fused heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1) [wherein A1 and A2 independently represent a nitrogen atom or the like; R1 and R4 independently represent a halogen atom or the like; R2 and R3 independently represent a halogen atom or the like; R5 and R6 independently represent a linear C1-C6 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, or the like (provided that both R5 and R6 cannot represent a hydrogen atom simultaneously); and n represents 0 or 1]. The harmful arthropod control composition has an excellent efficacy to control harmful arthropods.
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ARTHROPOD PESTS
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Page/Page column 200-201, (2011/04/25)
The present invention provides: an arthropod pests control composition comprising, as active ingredients, a condensed heterocyclic compound and a neonicotinoid compound; a method for controlling arthropod pests which comprises applying effective amounts of a condensed heterocyclic compound and a neonicotinoid compound to the arthropod pests or a locus where the arthropod pests inhabit; and so on.
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ARTHROPOD PESTS
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Page/Page column 201, (2011/05/06)
The present invention provides: an arthropod pests control composition comprising, as active ingredients, a condensed heterocyclic compound and a pyrethroid compound; a method for controlling arthropod pests which comprises applying effective amounts of a condensed heterocyclic compound and a pyrethroid compound to the arthropod pests or a locus where the arthropod pests inhabit; and so on.
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ARTHROPOD PESTS
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Page/Page column 200, (2011/05/06)
The present invention provides: an arthropod pests control composition comprising, as active ingredients, a condensed heterocyclic compound and pyriproxyfen; a method for controlling arthropod pests which comprises applying effective amounts of a condensed heterocyclic compound and pyriproxyfen to the arthropod pests or a locus where the arthropod pests inhabit; and so on.
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ARTHROPOD PESTS
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Page/Page column 200, (2011/05/06)
The present invention provides: an arthropod pests control composition comprising, as active ingredients, a condensed heterocyclic compound and pyridalyl; a method for controlling arthropod pests which comprises applying effective amounts of a condensed heterocyclic compound and pyridalyl to the arthropod pests or a locus where the arthropod pests inhabit; and so on.
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ARTHROPOD PESTS
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Page/Page column 204, (2011/05/06)
The present invention provides: an arthropod pests control composition comprising, as active ingredients, a condensed heterocyclic compound and a diamide compound; a method for controlling arthropod pests which comprises applying effective amounts of a condensed heterocyclic compound and a diamide compound to the arthropod pests or a locus where the arthropod pests inhabit; and so on.
Optimization of the azobenzene scaffold for reductive cleavage by dithionite; development of an azobenzene cleavable linker for proteomic applications
Leriche, Geoffray,Budin, Ghyslain,Brino, Laurent,Wagner, Alain
experimental part, p. 4360 - 4364 (2010/09/20)
In this paper we conducted an extensive reactivity study to determine the key structural features that favour the dithionite-triggered reductive cleavage of the azo-arene group. Our stepwise investigation allowed identification of a highly reactive azo-arene structure 25 bearing a carboxylic acid, at the ortho position of the electron-poor arene and an ortho-Oalkyl-resorcinol as the electron-rich arene. Based on this 2(2′-alkoxy-4′-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid (HAZA) scaffold, the orthogonally protected difunctional azo-arene cleavable linker 26 was designed and synthesized. Selective linker deprotection and derivatization was performed by introducing an alkyne reactive group and a biotin affinity tag. This optimized azo-arene cleavable linker led to a total cleavage in less than 10 s with only 1 mM dithionite. Similar results were obtained in biological media.
