94421-68-8 Usage
Description
Anandamide (94421-68-8) is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist.1-3?Ki=89 nM for CB1?and 371 nM for CB2?receptors.
Definition
ChEBI: An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with amino group of ethanolamine.
Hazard
A reproductive hazard.
Biological Activity
Endogenous cannabinoid and vanilloid receptor agonist, in water-soluble emulsion (for details see TocrisolveTM 100). K i values are 89 and 371 nM for CB 1 and CB 2 receptors respectively; EC 50 values are 18, 31 and 27 nM at GPR55, CB 1 and CB 2 respectively; pK i = 5.68 for rVR1. Also blocks TNF- α -induced NF-kB activation via direct inhibition of IKK. Also available as the pure oil dissolved in ethanol (N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide ).
Biochem/physiol Actions
An arachidonic acid derivative that is an endogenous ligand for the CB cannabinoid receptor and for the VR1 vanilloid receptor. Inhibits calcium currents in neuroblastomas and neurons. Activates the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of lymphocytes and human breast cancer cells.
Enzyme inhibitor
This lipid neurotransmitter and endocannabinoid receptor ligand (FW = 347.54 g/mol; CAS 94421-68-8), also known as arachidonylethanolamide, inhibits calcium ion currents and activates the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Anandamide is a naturally occurring effector of central and peripheral nervous systems, as mediated by CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, respectively. (These receptors were originally characterized as binding Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, marijuana’s major psychoactive ingredient.) Anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and congeners (N- oleoylethanolamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide) are lipophilic signalling molecules with multiple physiological roles in learning and memory, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Anandamide likewise plays a role in regulating uterine implantation of the early-stage embryo (blastocyst). Anandamide synthesis occurs from N- acetylphosphatidylethanolamine by multiple pathways that include phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (or NAPE-PLD). Target(s): adenylate cyclase; Na + channels; a7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; 5 HT3 receptors; Ca 2+ channels; K+ channels, voltage-gated; acylglycerol lipase, or monoacylglycerol lipase.
References
1) Devane?et al. (1992),?Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor; Science,258?1946
2) Devane?et al. (1994),?New dawn of cannabinoid pharmacology; Trends Pharmacol.Sci.,?15?40
3) Hillard?et al. (1997),?Biochemistry and pharmacology of arachidonoylethanolamide, a putative endogenous cannabinoid; J. Lipid Res.,?38?2383
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 94421-68-8 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 9,4,4,2 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 94421-68:
(7*9)+(6*4)+(5*4)+(4*2)+(3*1)+(2*6)+(1*8)=138
138 % 10 = 8
So 94421-68-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C22H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-22(25)23-20-21-24/h6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,24H,2-5,8,11,14,17-21H2,1H3,(H,23,25)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15-
94421-68-8Relevant articles and documents
Modification of the antitumor effect of doxorubicin by complexes of α-fetoprotein with amphiphilic compounds based on polyenoic fatty acids
Arsenov,Babitskaya,Vashkevich,Golubeva,Kisel,Kuz'mitskii,Mashkovich,Slabkevich,Strel'chenok
, p. 474 - 477 (2002)
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Methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate: A potent irreversible inhibitor of anandamide amidase
Deutsch, Dale G.,Omeir, Romelda,Arreaza, Gladys,Salehani, David,Prestwich, Glenn D.,Huang, Zheng,Howlett, Allyn
, p. 255 - 260 (1997)
Anandamide amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) is responsible for the hydrolysis of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide). Relatively selective and potent enzyme reversible inhibitors effective in the low micromolar range, such as arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Arach-CF3), have been described (Koutek et al., J Biol Chem 269: 22937-22940, 1994). In the current study, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), an arachidonyl binding site directed phosphonylation reagent, was tested as an inhibitor of anandamide amidase and as a ligand for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. MAFP was 800 times more potent than Arach-CF3 and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) as an amidase inhibitor in rat brain homogenates. In intact neuroblastoma cells, MAFP was also approximately 1000-fold more potent than Arach-CF3. MAFP demonstrated selectivity towards anandamide amidase for which it was approximately 3000 and 30,000-fold more potent than it was towards chymotrypsin and trypsin, respectively. MAFP displaced [3H]CP-55940 binding to the CB1 cannabinoid receptor with an IC50 of 20 nM vs 40 nM for anandamide. It bound irreversibly and prevented subsequent binding of the cannabinoid radioligand [3H]CP-55940 at that locus. These studies suggest that MAFP is a potent and specific inhibitor of anandamide amidase and, in addition, can interact with the cannabinoid receptors at the cannabinoid binding site. This is the first report of a potent and relatively selective irreversible inhibitor of arachidonoyl ethanolamide amidase.
ANANDAMIDE COMPOUNDS
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Page/Page column 42-43, (2020/07/25)
The present application provides anandamide and 2-arachidonyl glycerol compounds useful for treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of treating diseases or disorders are also provided.
A Convenient Protocol for the Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides
Johansson, Silje J. R.,Johannessen, Tonje,Ellefsen, Christiane F.,Ristun, Mali S.,Antonsen, Simen,Hansen, Trond V.,Stenstrom, Yngve,Nolsoe, Jens M. J.
supporting information, p. 213 - 217 (2019/01/14)
Several classes of biologically occurring fatty acid amides have been reported from mammalian and plant sources. Many amides conjugated with fatty acids of mammalian origin exhibit specific activation of individual receptors. Their potential as pharmacological tools or as lead compounds towards the development of novel therapeutics is of great interest. Hence, access to such amides by a practical, high-yielding and scalable protocol without affecting the geometry or position of sensitive functionalities is needed. A protocol that meets all these requirements involves activation of the corresponding acid with carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) followed by reaction with the desired amine or its hydrochloride. More than fifty compounds have been prepared in generally high yields.
