970-73-0

Usage

Uses

Used in Anticancer Applications:
(+)-Gallocatechin is used as an anticancer agent for its ability to inhibit HCT116 colorectal cancer cell proliferation by 57% at a concentration of 100 μM.
Used in Dental Applications:
(+)-Gallocatechin is used as an antimicrobial agent for inhibiting the adherence of P. gingivalis onto human buccal epithelial cells by more than 50% when used at a concentration of 250 μg/ml.
Used in Antimutagenesis:
(+)-Gallocatechin is used as an antimutagenic agent for its properties in UV-irradiated E. coli cells.
Used in Hepatocyte Protection:
(+)-Gallocatechin is used as a hepatoprotective agent for inhibiting cell death induced by D-galactosamine and TNF-α in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes by 29.9% when used at a concentration of 80 μM.

Upstream product

• 2596-50-1 (-)-epigallocathechin gallate 
• 1449477-37-5 C₃₀H₃₈O₁₀ 
• 1449477-26-2 C₄₄H₅₀O₁₀ 
• 1449477-27-3 C₂₄H₃₄O₈ 
• 1449477-34-2 C₂₄H₃₆O₉ 
• 60-24-2 2-hydroxyethanethiol 
• 60-87-7 10-[2-(dimethylamino)propyl]phenothiazine 
• 135820-76-7 gallocatechin-(4α->8)-gallocatechin-(4α->8)-epigallocatechin 
• 100-53-8 phenylmethanethiol 
• 148802-38-4 catechin-(4α->8)-gallocatechin-(4α->6)-gallocatechin 
• 13270-61-6 delphinidin 
• 1449477-39-7 C₃₀H₃₈O₁₀ 
• 1449477-36-4 C₄₄H₅₀O₁₀ 
• 1449477-38-6 C₄₄H₄₈O₁₀ 

Downstream Products

• 1236228-58-2 theasinensin C 
• 143883-96-9 4,5,6,2',3',4'-Hexahydroxy-6'-((2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chroman-2-yl)-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid (1R,2R,3R,5S)-5-carboxy-2,3,5-trihydroxy-cyclohexyl ester 
• 21731-10-2 5-((2R,3R)-3,5,7-triacetoxychroman-2-yl)benzene-1 ,2,3-triyl triacetate 
• 17291-05-3 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin 
• 1707-75-1 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine 
• 4670-05-7 theaflavin 
• 302776-47-2 theanaphthoquinone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Study on in Vitro Preparation and Taste Properties of N-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidinone-Substituted Flavan-3-Ols

N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (EPSFs) were prepared by an in vitro model reaction, and the taste thresholds of EPSFs and their dose-over-threshold factors in large-leaf yellow tea (LYT) were investigated. The effects of initial reactant

Mechanism of oolongtheanin formation via three intermediates

To clarify the mechanism of oolongtheanin formation, the oxidations of (?)-epigallocatechin and (?)-epigallocatechin gallate were investigated, and key intermediates were isolated. These intermediates were determined to be dehydrotheasinensins and pro-oolongtheanins, which we have reported previously, and one novel intermediate. Based on the chemical structures of these intermediates, a mechanism was proposed for oolongtheanin formation from catechins, and confirmed by NMR and GC–MS analysis.

Metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar in the field

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme in the ANR biosynthetic pathway of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (PAs) in plants. Herein, we report characterization of the ANR pathway of flavan-3-ols in Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinesis), which is an elite and widely grown cultivar in China and is rich in flavan-3-ols providing with high nutritional value to human health. In our study, metabolic profiling was preformed to identify two conjugates and four aglycones of flavan-3-ols: (-)-epigallocatechin-gallate [(-)-EGCG], (-)-epicatechin-gallate [(-)-ECG], (-)-epigallocatechin [(-)-EGC], (-)-epicatechin [(-)-EC], (+)-catechin [(+)-Ca], and (+)-gallocatechin [(+)-GC], of which (-)-EGCG, (-)-ECG, (-)-EGC, and (-)-EC accounted for 70-85% of total flavan-3-ols in different tissues. Crude ANR enzyme was extracted from young leaves. Enzymatic assays showed that crude ANR extracts catalyzed cyanidin and delphinidin to (-)-EC and (-)-Ca and (-)-EGC and (-)-GC, respectively, in which (-)-EC and (-)-EGC were major products. Moreover, two ANR cDNAs were cloned from leaves, namely CssANRa and CssANRb. His-Tag fused recombinant CssANRa and CssANRb converted cyanidin and delphinidin to (-)-EC and (-)-Ca and (-)-EGC and (-)-GC, respectively. In addition, (+)-EC was observed from the catalysis of recombinant CssANRa and CssANRb. Further overexpression of the two genes in tobacco led to the formation of PAs in flowers and the reduction of anthocyanins. Taken together, these data indicate that the majority of leaf flavan-3-ols in Shuchazao's leaves were produced from the ANR pathway.

Enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-gallocatechin, (-)- epigallocatechin, and 8-C-ascorbyl-(-)-epigallocatechin

Reading the tea leaves: The enatioselective total syntheses of 8-C-ascorbyl-(-)-epigallocatechin was accomplished by CuII-mediated oxidative coupling of ascorbic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin as a key step. Also, the asymmetric total syntheses of tea-leaf extracts (+)-gallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin were achieved by Au-catalyzed intramolecular cycliarylation of the precursor epoxide and Sharpless dihydroxylation. Copyright

Isolation of two new bioactive proanthocyanidins from Cistus salvifolius herb extract

Two new proanthocyanidins, epigallocatechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate- (4β→8)-epigallocatechin (1) and epigallocatechin-3-O-p- hydroxybenzoate-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (2) in addition to the known compound epigallocatechin-(4β→6)-epigallocatechin-3-O- gallate (3), were isolated from the air-dried herb of Cistus salvifolius. The chemical structures were determined on the basis of 1D-and 2D-NMR-spectra (HSQC, HMBC) of their peracetylated derivatives, MALDI-TOF-mass spectra, and by acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol. The isolated compounds 1-3 and the water extract of C. salvifolius herb were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 2 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on COX-2 followed by compound 3, compound 1 and the water extract, while compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate in vitro inhibition against COX-1.

General synthesis of epi-series catechins and their 3-gallates: Reverse polarity strategy

A general synthetic route to the epi-series catechins was developed based on the reverse polarity strategy. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by the sulfinyl-metal exchange and cyclization enabled stereo-controlled access to various members of epi-series catechins and their 3-gallates.

New oligomeric proanthocyanidins from Alhagi pseudalhagi

Two new oligomeric proanthocyanidin glucosides were isolated from the aerial part and roots of Alhagi pseudalhagi. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated as 7-O-β-D-Glc p→6 galloyl-(+)catechin-(4α-8)-(+)-catechin-(4α-8)-(-

Metabolism of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate by rat intestinal flora

Anaerobic metabolism of ( - )-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) by rat intestinal bacteria was investigated in vitro. First, intestinal bacteria which are capable of hydrolyzing EGCg to ( - )epigallocatechin (EGC) and gallic acid (2) were screened with 169 strains of enteric bacteria. As a result, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella planticola, Klebsiella pneumoniae susp. pneumoniae, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis were found to hydrolyze EGCg. Subsequent steps of EGCg metabolism are degradation of EGC (1) by intestinal bacteria. Then, EGC was incubated with rat intestinal bacteria in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.1) and the degradation products were analyzed with time by HPLC or LC-MS. Further, the products formed from EGC were isolated and identified by LC-MS and NMR analyses. The results revealed that EGC was converted first to 1-(3', 4', 5'-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2 , 4 , 6 -trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ol (3) by reductive cleavage between 1 and 2 positions of EGC, and subsequently metabolite 3 was converted to 1-(3', 5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2 , 4 , 6 -trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ol (4) followed by the conversion to 5-(3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyvaleric acid (5) by decomposition of the phloroglucinol ring in metabolite 4. This degradation pathway was considered to be the major route of EGCg metabolism in the in vitro study, but two minor routes were also found. In addition to the in vitro experiments, metabolites 3, 4, 5, and 6 were detected as the metabolites after direct injection of EGC into rat cecum. When EGCg was administered orally to the rats, metabolites 4, 5, 6, 11, and 12 were found in the feces. Among the metabolites detected, metabolite 5 was dominant both in the cecal contents and feces. These findings suggested that the metabolic pathway of EGCg found in the in vitro study may be regarded as reflecting its metabolism in vivo.

Dimeric prodelphinidins from Limonium gmelinii roots. III

Two dimeric proanthocyanidines identified as 2R,3R,4R-(-)-epigallocatechin- (4β→ 8)-2R,3R-(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and 2R,3R,4R-(-)-epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-(-)-2R,3R,3,5,7,3′, 4′,6′-hexahydroxyflavan were isolated by adsorption chromatography over polyamide of the ethylacetate fraction of the aqueous alcohol extract of Limonium gmelinii roots. The former proanthocyanidine was isolated for the first time from sea lavender whereas the latter is new. 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Stereoselective oxidation at C-4 of flavans by the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. isolated from a tea plant

The microbial transformation of five flavans (1-5) by endophytic fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis was investigated. It was found that the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp. oxidized stereoselectively at C-4 position of (+)-catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2) to give the correspondent 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives (6, 10), respectively. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (3) and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (4) were also oxidized by the fungus into 3,4-dihydroxyflavan derivatives (10, 12) via (-)-epicatechin (2) and (-)-epigallocatechin (11), respectively. Meanwhile, (-)-gallocatechin 3-O-gallate (5), (-)-catechin (ent-1) and (+)-epicatechin (ent-2), which possess a 2S-phenyl substitution, resisted the biotransformation.